A Feminist Reading of Sophocles Antigone Essay - 1754 Words

While researchers disagree over when the feminist movement began, most agree that it was sometime in the past two centuries. The feminist movement has generally, and often successfully, sought equality between sexes. For example, the womens movement has won women the right to vote, moved women out of the kitchen, and, in many ways, made women socioeconomically competitive with men. Nonetheless, all such gains, and the womens (or feminist) movement itself are largely products of the last 200 years. However, women who are feminists per se have been around much longer. One example of a classic feminist could be Antigone, a fictional woman written of by Sophocles in the fifth century before Christ. In some ways, Antigone even shows†¦show more content†¦In such way, she argues an equality of the sexes, as well as equality under God. However, Antigones justification for her act provides readers with more of a quandary. Antigones motivation to bury Polynices could be one of, or a combination of, three stimuli. First, Antigone could be using her statements about divine justice as a clever justification to leave the world as she does. Indeed, Antigone contemplates suicide with pleasure. She claims, Id welcome / An early death, living as I do now (12), and she sarcastically claims, We have had / A fine inheritance from Oedipus (3). The inheritance includes, the whole range of sufferings ... grief upon grief / Humiliation upon humiliation (3). Antigone has led a horrible life full of grief and humiliation. She is miserable and desires to leave life with some glory -- something of which she has not had much. Clearly, Antigone leads anything but a pleasurable life. Thus, Antigones motivation could be just to leave her miserable life with a bit of glory, which she can (and does) achieve by causing Creons downfall. She could also be spitefully defying Creon in a feminist mindset. Obviously, Antigone has no respect for authority. The Chorus tells Antigone, We respect what you did for your brother / But theres no question that the orders of those in authority must be obeyed (21). Antigone also claims, What Creon says is quite irrelevant (4), and, as notedShow MoreRelatedThe Feminist Movement In SophoclesAntigone1340 Words   |  6 Pagesneglected Sophoclean play of Antigone has been relaunched into contemporary critical discussion, this is largely through the emergence of the feminism movement and the critical theory resulting from it in the late 19th and early 20th century. The feminist movement is defined as â€Å"The advocacy of womens rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes.† Feminist centred reception of the text has often labelled Antigone as a feminist icon, the use of the word feminist is ambiguous. This I becauseRead MoreSophocles As A Master Of Character Development14 97 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles is one of the three great Athens tragic playwrights in Greek history. He has written over 120 plays in which they were performed into three tragedies known as the â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Although he has written 123 plays there are only seven of his tragedies remaining and with only a few titles and fragments remaining. The seven tragedies include Ajax, Antigone, Trachinian Women, Oedipus the King, Electra, Philoctetes, Oedipus at Colonus, and Trackers. Sophocles was considered to be a masterRead MoreSophocles Antigone And The Self Isolation Of The Tragic Hero1724 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles’ Antigone sets the stage of divine law versus civic law and men versus women puppeteering morality. As a cautionary tale of the 5th century, the text studies the clear distinction between Polios (public life) to Oikos (private life) and the dangers one faces when amalgamating the two. In Antigone religious fundamentalism is in battle with Creon’s stubborn grasp over the importance of showing his people the type of leader he is through his subsequent double blasphemy of letting Polynice’sRead MoreAntigone Role of Women1366 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Fleming Professor Stoner English 1301 October 16, 2012 Antigone Essay Throughout history, cultures from around the world has set hat standards for women to abide to. Up until the twentieth century, women were viewed as second class citizens by society and had less freedom and rights than their male counterparts as compare today in the modern world where women can be more involve in society. Although women still face discrimination such as the glassRead MoreSOPHOCLESS ANTIGONE: A FEMINIST REPRESENTATION2101 Words   |  9 Pagesvalues. Such a woman deserves applause. A rebel. A legend. An example. A woman. Antigone. Sophocles’ Antigone has as its backdrop a very rigid and conservative Greek society and Greek culture when it was certainly against the norm of a typical ancient Greek woman to rebel against a male authority. And therein lies the reason to believe that Sophocles’ protagonist in Antigone showed signs of early feminism. Antigone dared to raise her voice against a patriarchal order at a time when women in ancientRead MoreThe Challenges Of Seamus Heaney1406 Words   |  6 Pages2008, p. 207). A translator would have to make decisions about the intended readership, not only about the meaning of the original Greek, but also about how that might best be communicated to people of another time, place and culture, who would be reading in a language that has different rhythms and patterns (Hardwick, 2008, p. 204). There are also the aspects of the cultural and political context of ancient Greece to consider, which shaped the language and structure of a play written at that timeRead MoreImitation Of Life, By Sarah Jane Johnson1681 Words   |  7 Pagesdidn’t mean any harm towards her mother. We also read Sophocles’ play â€Å"Antigone,† and from what I gathered the title character is a young women of royal blood who sacrifices her life for the honor and integrity of her family, and to obey the commandments of the gods. We also read from our readings in our book â€Å"A World of Ideas,† and there are four authors that would react in a strongly manner to the life situations of Sarah Jane Johnson and Antigone. One author we read about is Virginia Woolf â€Å"Shakespeare’sRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 PagesCriticism, Feminism and Ibsen†, enumerated arguments that were used to reject the play as a feminist text. After thoroughly scrutinizing the arguments, she did not concur with the ideas and wrote in her journal: â€Å"Finally, research on Ibsen’s life proves that, all claims to the contrary, his intentions in A Doll House were thoroughly feminist† (Templeton). Being claimed and lauded by propaganda feminist, some critics argued that Ibsen’s intention in writing the play is not to resolve gender inequalityRead MoreThe Origin, Development and Significance of Human Rights10255 Words   |  42 Pagesto ancient Greece and Rome, where it was closely tied to the doctrines of the Stoics, who held that human conduct should be judged according to, and brought into harmony with, the law of nature. A classic example of this view is given in Sophocles play Antigone, in which the title character, upon being reproached by King Creon for defying his command not to bury her slain brother, asserted that she acted in accordance with the immutable laws of the gods. In part because Stoicism played a key role

Why God Is Forever Faithful - 1931 Words

I believe God is forever faithful. There have had countless times that I have seen the work of God. The first, seeing my alcoholic son find the help to stop drinking and to want to keep striving to be the man, father, and husband that God intended him to be. Another, in 1990, my husband had his colon removed. Three years, twelve surgeries, and almost death later he pulled through. Next is when my children were young and facing important situations or have important questions, I would say an instant prayer for wisdom before answering them. It was amazing to hear what God gave me for a reply. And last, our thirty year old daughter had a reflex door that went between her kidney and bladder that would not shut so she had constant†¦show more content†¦If they are not open to talk of the Lord, I can privately pray for them. I believe God is personally there for us. I love constantly talking with God. I feel he personally is with us and answers us in his own way. I fi nd myself asking him for wisdom when I have to help someone with issues. I see his beauty as I go about my day and thank him. In tough times I have a quick phrase that I sing as a prayer, â€Å"I need you now†. Once I was driving and I was listening to Christian music and just enjoying feeling close to him. I said something to him in my head. All of a sudden, I heard a very funny response in a clear voice next to me. I had to turn and make sure there wasn’t anyone there. I know God has a sense of humor. I have felt God bring comfort to me during difficult situations. When I have to write papers for school, I feel anxious and pray for clarity and guidance. I know that God is personally there for me. I feel that having a strong and true belief in God will reflect on to my clients to give them a comfort when working with me. God will be in every one of my sessions to help guide me and show me what the client’s issues are and to help me pick up the nonv erbal communications that they are exhibiting. I know that God will work through me and my clients Philippians 4:131. I believe God is our great Creator. The gorgeous colors on the trees, rainbows, northern lights, and the

New Firm Registration And The Business Law - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the New Firm Registration And The Business Law. Answer: Introduction To form a company limited by liability in Ireland, a series of steps need to be followed. It can be mentioned to Robert that a company limited by liability is one in which the members of the company are not fully liable for the loss sustained by the company law. Their liability is restricted to the value of shares held by them in the company. The rules governing the operations of a company limited by liability are stated in the Companies Act 2014. Advice to be given to Robert regarding formation of the company The establishment of a company in Ireland is a complicated process and there are several steps involved in the formation of a company. Companies can be of several types depending on the nature of the company. However in this report, the steps involved in the formation of a limited liability company will be discussed as Robert intends to open a Limited Liability Company. The essential requirements for the formation of a limited liability company are: Deciding a name of the company Deciding the type of company to be formed Constitution of the Company Setting up the registered office of the company Appointing the directors of the company Appointing a company secretary Raising the capital Determining the shareholders of the company Company Name The name of the company must be unique to prevent raising confusion in the minds of the people about its similarity to any other company. Certain words such as insurance, group and bank cannot be used in the name of the companies unless special permission is obtained for the use of these words in the name of the company. It is to be stated that the use of names which are considered offensive by the state are also prohibited. The use of non descriptive words in the name of the company is not counted. Company type The type of company intended to be formed by Robert in this case is a company limited by liability. It is to be mentioned that a accompany limited by liability is a company in which the members can be held liable for the debts of the same only to the extent of the value of their shares. It can be said that a limited liability company is one, which has both the characteristics of a corporation and sole trader (Bourne 2016). Constitution of the Company It is to be mentioned that the rules and guidelines of forming a company is governed by the Companies Act 2014 (Irishstatutebook 2017). The Act states that in order to incorporate a company certain documents such as the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association must be filed with the Companies Registry Office. According to section 21 of the Companies Act 2014, the companys constitution should be delivered to the Registrar along with statement in prescribed form containing the name of the first directors of the company, name of the person to be appointed as the first secretary of the company, name of the persons appointed as the first assistant and deputy secretary of the company, the address of the registered office of the company and the place where the central administration of the company would be carried on. The statement to be submitted to the registrar must be signed by or on behalf of the every subscriber of the companys constitution (Klapper and Randall 2015). It must also have the signature of the ever director and secretary. Registered Office of the company The registered office is the official address of the company. It can be aid that the company must be located within the territory of Ireland. However, the trade address of the company is different from the registered office. Directors The directors of the company re appointed to run the company on behalf of the members of the company. The primary directors of the company are the members who establish the company initially. The minimum number of directors to be appointed for private companies is one as stated by the section 128 Companies Act 2014. The appointment of directors subsequent to the formation of the company is generally decided in the annual general meeting by a resolution passed by the members. Company Secretary It is to be mentioned that an Irish Company must have a company secretary who will be in charge fulfilling the statutory obligations of the company. The responsibilities of the Company secretary include maintaining the books of the company and ensuring that the annual returns of the company are filed on time. It is to be noted that the company secretary can e director as well as a separate person Authorized Share Capital and Issued Share Capital Authorized share capital is the amount of shares that a company can call upon if required. However the issued share capital is the actual amount of capital that is raised by the payment by the shareholders for the shares allotted to them Shareholders It can be mentioned that the share holders are the owners of the company as they contribute to the raising of the capital. The number shares allotted to share holders and the total value of the same represent their proportionate ownership in the company. The minimum of age of a shareholder must be 18. The details of the shareholders are required to be registered with the Company Registry Office. Limited Liability Company As stated earlier the company which Robert wishes to form is a Limited Liability company. It can be said that a company limited by liability means the shareholders of the company are liable for the debts only to the extent of the value of shares (Hannigan 2015). It can be noted that the a Limited Liability company can avail the pass through feature of taxation just as any partnership firm or sole trader at same time limiting the liability of the members to the value of their shares held by them. A limited liability company does not consider paying taxes or sustain the losses as it acts as a separate legal entity (Haldane 2015). The burden of taxation is borne completely by the owners. The owners have to express the profits of business and the losses incurred by the business in their income tax return statements. There are several advantages and disadvantages of limited liability companies. Advantages The members of the company are liable for the debts only up to a certain extent and do not have unlimited liability Such companies have the freedom of choosing the form of distributing their profits Such companies do not need to comply with legal provision for conducting meetings Pass-through taxation principles are applicable to such companies. Disadvantages Such companies have limited life span and are dissolved by the death of the members or bankruptcy Such companies cannot go public Although the complexities and the paperwork involved for the formation of such companies are lesser than a corporation but they are subsequently more than a sole proprietorship Therefore, to start a company limited by liability the aforementioned steps must be followed by Robert. It can be stated that Robert must consider the advantages and disadvantages of Limited Liability Company prior to forming the company Pharmacy 4 U Ltd. Ways to ensure that the ownership Pharmacy 4 U Ltd remains with Roberts family. It is to be mentioned that the company intended to be formed by Robert is a limited liability, company therefore the company cannot issue shares to the public for raising the capital of the company. It can be noted that the majority of the shares of the company should be held by Robert to prevent the passing of control of the company to anyone else outside his family. It is to be noted that ownership in Limited Liability Company is determined by either percentage of shares and by membership units. Unlike a corporation a Limited liability company has the power to distribute the ownership interests of the company to any member it pleases regardless of the amount of shares held by the member (Shepherd and Ridley 2015). A limited liability company has the power to create special voting rights for its members. While forming a company limited by shares the owners must determine the type of membership and the contribution of the same. An operating agreement is a contract which specifies what operations would be conducted by the limited liability company (Tricker and Tricker, 2015). The operating agreement will also include buy-sell provisions and buyout provisions which will in turn govern the transfer of ownership. It can be stated that buy sell agreements generally specify methods of how to place a value on the business and its membership interests. The aforementioned agreement can also place restrictions on membership of the company and can state the methods for recalling the shares from the members who wish to depart from the company. In this case Robert must clearly review the details of the operating agreement of the company he intends to create. It can be mentioned that to avoid the transfer of control of the Company Pharmacy 4 u Ltd, Robert must ensure that none of the shares of the company is issued to outsiders as the same would give them certain control over the affairs of the company. According to section 105 of the Companies Act 2014, it can be sated that the company Pharmacy 4 U Ltd can acquire its own shares to prevent the distribution of shares to outsiders. However such acquisition of shares would made of the profits of the company as stated by Section105 (2a) of the Companies Act 2014. Conclusion Thus to conclude, it can be said that the essential requirements as stated in the Companies Act 2014 need to be followed precisely for the formation of a limited liability company. It can be said that a company limited by liability is easy to be formed as the documentation involved in the formation of such a company is less complicated than a corporation. In this case, it can be sated that the company Pharmacy 4 U Ltd can acquire its own shares to prevent the distribution of shares to outsiders. Reference Act, C., 2014. The Companies Act 2014. Bourne, N., 2016.Bourne on company law. Routledge. Haldane, A., 2015, May. Who owns a company?. InSpeech, University of Edinburgh Corporate Finance Conference, May 22nd. Hannigan, B., 2015.Company law. Oxford University Press, USA. Irishstatutebook.ie. (2017).Companies Act 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2014/act/38/enacted/en/html [Accessed 1 Dec. 2017]. Klapper, L., Love, I. and Randall, D., 2015. New firm registration and the business cycle.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,11(2), pp.287-306. Shepherd, C. and Ridley, A., 2015.Company Law. Routledge. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA.

Sexual Education Essay Example Essay Example

Sexual Education Essay Example Paper Sexual Education Essay Introduction Sexual Education Essay Body Paragraphs Sexual Education Sex education is a general term that is used to define human sexuality. Through this education, young people acquire information sex, relationship and sexual identity. When young people learn they get skills, which will help them in decision-making. They start becoming more responsible about their actions and behavior. Their attitudes improve, as they will become more confident and ready to encounter their challenges. It has been made part of the curriculum in schools. However, some countries have not embraced it because there are ongoing controversies. Some people consider this education more harmful than beneficial. Teaching them about birth control methods may encourage them to engage in premarital sex. On the other hand, it is risky not to teach them. They should understand their bodies and learn how to be responsible. It will help them to stay away from dangerous sexual practices. The countries with conservative policies about sex education have high percentages of teenage hood pregnancies and STD infections. This is because teenagers are not advised on how to control their sexual practices. Everyone had his or her own way of learning about sexuality. Sex education was a taboo when I grew up. Parents would shy off from educating their children, and they would leave the teachers to do it. Due to this situation, we found ourselves gathering many rumors about this subject. Some were facts, but some turned out to be false information. When I was a child, I wondered where babies came from. One day I innocently asked my mother. She looked at me with shock on her face. It made her uncomfortable, but she reluctantly told me they come from God. He puts them in hospitals and doctors give them to mothers to raise them. I only came to learn the truth during my first years in elementary school. I was disappointed with my mother and demanded to know why she tricked me. She said I would not have understood the truth because I was very young. When I start ed my adolescent stage, my parents used to caution me not to play with boys. I found it mighty strange and impossible because I went to a mixed school. I was still naive, so I did not understand why suddenly I should avoid boys. After a detailed lecture about sexuality, we understood the metaphorical phrase. It actually meant as a girl, I should be careful when socializing with boys. Adolescents get attracted to each other, and they can easily engage in irresponsible sex. I felt it was unfair to use such indirect language to a naive girl. Were it not for that lecture, I would have never understood what my parents meant. The most frightening fact I learnt about sex is that one can get pregnant through unprotected sex. I could not stand the thought of being pregnant before marriage, so I promised myself, I would be a very responsible person. I also decide not to have any boyfriends until I finish university education. This was to help me to avoid temptations of irresponsible sex. As I continued to learn more I realized one should not be scared but rather, careful. Having many sex education discussions and talking to an adult helped me a lot. Adults are good counselors on challenges experienced by young people. I learnt valuable lessons from counselors. Young people can interact with the opposite sex in a healthy way. For example, it is possible for a boy and a girl to date without having sex. Most parents get involved in their adolescent children’s lives for guidance. In girls, menstruation is a significant change in their bodies. A few days before I started my menses, we had been taught about what to do when the cycle starts. I had always been looking forward to the day I would start. I feared starting high school before my menses begin. There were rumors that other girls used to tease those who never got periods. They considered them immature. I was very happy when I started. I learnt that it is not such an exciting experience as I thought it would be. In fact, that day I felt moody and unhappy. There were other symptoms like abdominal pains, fatigue and nausea among others. I longed for the day the cycle would end. I told my best friend about it, and she was happy for me. I thought to myself if she only knew, she would never want to menstruate. Having periods was only a secret that was supposed to be for girls. If a boy knew, it would be very shameful. Therefore, girls used to be extremely discreet during those days. In high school, this topic was discussed more often, and it was made part of the curriculum. The specific areas that were given attention were parts of the reproductive system and reproductive health. We were taught about family planning and sexually transmitted diseases. When we learnt about the various family planning methods, it was the first time I saw a condom. The teacher brought samples and every student had a look at them. I was astonished because I had a different idea of how they looked. When we were in mid dle school, there were rumors that condoms were not safe because they had microscopic holes. Our teacher confirmed that this was false information. One of the best contraceptives is condoms. They protect people from STIs and pregnancies. There is no other multi purpose contraceptive. It was emphasized because there were very many young people who made wrong choices because of lack of knowledge. Through the years, the number of teenage pregnancies has increased. For instance, in USA there are eight hundred and fifty thousand pregnancies annually. Another 9.1 million people who are below the age of twenty-five years, contract sexually transmitted diseases. We went on to learn about different forms of sexual orientations. For example, we discussed homosexuality. People gave different contributions because it was a controversy in the whole nation. At that time, I felt that was not a topic worth discussion because I was against it. I considered homosexuality an act against nature and tho ught people were just trying to change what should not be changed. I have developed a liberal mind, and I think these are personal issues. People are at free will to choose the sex orientation they please. However, they are also advised to practice safe intimacy. In some countries, they recognize even gay marriages but some abhor it hence, it is an illegal marriage set up. The people who are mostly against it are religious groups. They argue according to their teachings of creations. A man and woman will unite and start a family. Therefore, doing anything contrary to that is abomination to them. This type of education targets to decrease the risks of irresponsible sexual behavior. For instance, early pregnancies and STI. In many developing countries, HIV prevalence is high because of lack of sex education. Young people are not taught how to practice safe sex. They consider teaching them will encourage them to engage in sexual behaviors. Adults just preach to them about abstinence. T he world has changed, and people must accept these changes. It is better to teach teenagers about sex education since they are sexually active. Such countries are conservative, and they hope their young people will follow their advice. Issues of contraception and abortion are key topics in this education. They aim to discourage unwanted pregnancies, which lead to opting abortion. This alternative is risky, and the counselors ensure they emphasize it, should be avoided. This is where the topic of contraceptives becomes helpful because it is a solution to unplanned pregnancies and STIs. Another aim of sex education is to enhance young people’s good experiences of sexuality. This is done by improving their relationships and capability of making the right decisions in their lives. This education should enable the youth to get protection as well as enjoy the nature of their sexuality. As young people learn about their sexuality, they develop skills. These kinds of skills are relat ed to the general skills of life. They include communication, ability to negotiate and ability to recognize relevant sources of assistance. Very many other skills are used to have a healthy sexual relationship. These skills will help them to identify unnecessary influence from other people, and they will resist. Since youthful years are full of challenges, these skills will help young people to combat the challenges. Sex education is full of a lot of false information. The skills achieved will help young people to determine true and false information. They can do this by comparing what they were taught to what they are told. In case they are not sure, they will enquire from reliable sources. The greatest achievement of acquiring these skills is to enable the youth to practice morality. When the youth is equipped with sex education, they will learn many attitudes and beliefs about sexuality. There could be a lot of confusion about this. Health education emphasizes that young people s hould abstain whereas the media may suggest the contrary like being sexually active is a good thing. Since sexuality is a very delicate matter, educators should have substantial stands on what people should believe. Young people like to discuss moral and cultural issues related to sexuality. It is a good way of finding out more about other people’s opinions on these issues. Sexuality is a natural thing and hugely influential in every person’s life. Every adolescent has the right to know and study his body. Lack of this valuable knowledge may lead to extremely severe and unbearable circumstances. If a young boy or girl was not taught about growth, development and sexuality, they may suffer depression because they do not understand what is happening to them. If they would indulge in unsafe sex and the girl gets pregnant, she will suffer psychologically and physically. Lack of attention from guardians will make an adolescent feel neglected. They might even engage in dange rous behavior as a way of demanding attention. This is why guardians and teachers are required to offer young people full support and guidance as they continue to develop.

Comparing two ballads Essays

Comparing two ballads Essays Comparing two ballads Essay Comparing two ballads Essay Essay Topic: W H auden Poems A ballad is a story often set to song and here I am going to study in detail the make-up and difference between two very different ballads.  For my first poem I chose La Belle Dame Sans Merci, (The Beautiful Woman Without Thanks) by John Keats. Comparing to this I chose W.H. Audens: MissGee. Out of the selection I picked these two poems because of how strongly they attracted my attention; Keats because it was so romantic and full of beauty and Audens because of the simplistic life and pathos evoked by this unsightly woman who wished so much to be beautiful, loved or just noticed. They compare well using just this factor of beauty but I shall delve into them more to find other contrasts. Wyston Hugh Auden was born in York, England in 1907. He moved to Birmingham where he spent his childhood. In 1928 Auden published his first book of verse and his collection of Poems that established him as an up and coming leader of literature. In 1939 he moved to the U.S.A. where he met his wife.  Generally he is considered as the greatest poet of the twentieth century. He died in Vienna in 1973.  The ballad Miss Gee was the most modern poem of our selection and it stood out vividly because it was so shocking and had such a stale humor and irony to it. Irony, because she had wanted to be noticed her whole life and dead she was but for the wrong reasons. The simple tone and rhyming couplets to ensure a flowing, easy read. Set out with two couplets over four lines in each ballad stanza, Miss Gee was an appealing and effortless read for a story in verse. The simple language emphasized simplicity and this and the detailed description helps keep your interest alert throughout this quite lengthy poem. The language is mainly all factual and easy to read helping also to convey how little depth to her character Miss Gee had. The shocking ending is was very stricking because it was unexpected and the tone and pace stay the same the whole way through as if Miss Gee being mutilated was nothing worth noticing. This also emphasizes how disrespected the main character actually was. People had made a mockery of her through her whole life so why in death would it be any different?  This disrespect made me feel sad because there are many people like the old spinster Miss Gee who are lonely and need love. They live and die unimportant and unloved. The poem is plain because the Miss Gee is plain. After she has been introduced the second stanza describes her as having a slight squint in one eye, tiny lips, sloping shoulders and no bust at all. Already we can tell that Miss Gee is not pretty and her name, Edith, is old fashioned. The story goes on to describe her life, which is very lonely and boring. She has her bike and the church but she has not much else, living all alone in a small bed- sit room on only one hundred pounds a year. One afternoon she dreamed of being the Queen of France and the vicar of her church asked her Majesty to dance. But even her beautiful dream was ruined; just like her self- esteem and anything she would ever dream to have.  She buttoned her clothes up to her neck because the years had made her insecure and staid. The repetition of certain lines emphasizes just how monotonous her life actually was.  She turned her head away from the passing young couples because she hurt to think of what she didnt have. They didnt ask her to stay. Here I feel I strong feeling of sympathy towards Miss Gee because she is so lonely. She attended church regularly yet she sat in the side aisle as if she wasnt good enough or she maybe felt too ugly. Saying lead me not into temptation, but make me a good girl please The church is her only source of friendship, comfort. She knows she has a friend in God. Yet, here she still lacks confidence, and sitting in the periphery shows that even in church she feels like she doesnt fit in. Miss Gee is a good girl but I think she thinks that if she is good she will maybe fit in. She says lead me not into temptation because she feels guilt for not being thankful for who she is and for wishing someone like the vicar would love her. When she got sick the doctor commented that cancer is a funny thing, childless women get it and men when they retire, and its as if there had to be some outlet for their foiled creative fire. He meant that it was as if people who had not fulfilled what they wanted or they had an inability to do so, got cancer.  Miss Gee died and the teacher took her to be examined by students who laughed disrespectfully at her. Constantly she was an outsider, unusual, yet even in death she was not given any respect. Then they shipped her off to the anatomy department where they hung her up and carefully dissected her knee. This demeaning tone is shocking and so very sad. It sums up Miss Gees whole life.

Free Online Public Schools for North Carolina Students

Free Online Public Schools for North Carolina Students North Carolina offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in North Carolina. To qualify for this list, schools must meet the following qualifications- classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. North Carolina Virtual Public School North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) was established by the state legislature to provide e-learning opportunities to students. â€Å"NCVPS shall be available at no cost to all students in North Carolina who are enrolled in North Carolina’s public schools, Department of Defense schools, and schools operated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs,† the legislature said in creating the school. The schools website notes: NCVPS benefits students through expanded academic options in teacher-led, online courses aligned to the  North Carolina Common Core Standards  and the  North Carolina Essential Standards. Regardless of students’ geographic location or economic circumstances, they can enroll in quality online courses taught by highly qualified, North Carolina licensed teachers. NCVPS provides students online courses in many subject areas including mathematics, science, English language arts, social studies, arts, advanced placement, honors, and world languages. Other courses include test preparation, credit recovery, and (an) Occupational Course of Study (OCS). To take part in the virtual learning program, students enroll through their local public school. Grades are reported to their local school, which awards them credit. The North Carolina Virtual Public School has served over 175,000 middle and high school students since launching in the summer of 2007. North Carolina Virtual Academy North Carolina Virtual Academy (NCVA), an online public charter school authorized by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, offers North Carolina students in grades K-12 individual, online learning. A relatively new program, the virtual school says it offers a combination of individualized learning and flexible scheduling, delivered through: A K-12 curriculum that covers the core subject areas and electives.Experienced, highly qualified North Carolina-certified teachers, who are connected to students and parents by phone.Online planning and assessment tools and resources, and hands-on materials ranging from textbooks to telescopes, from rocks and soil to illustrated classic childrens stories.An active, supportive school community which organizes monthly activities where North Carolina parents, students, and staff socialize and share their experiences. ​​North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics Online NCSSM Online- the second-largest state virtual school in the United states- is a tuition-free two-year online program sponsored by the NC School of Science and Mathematics for junior and senior high school students. The program is not completely online: The school offers a supplemental program  that serves students who remain  enrolled at  their local schools. Highly qualified students can apply to either the online program or the onsite school, which offers the same curriculum free of charge to students who are accepted. The school, which  emphasizes  innovation, has also won awards for excellence.  In 2015, NCSSM won the Spaces for Innovation Challenge sponsored by the North Carolina State Universitys Institute for Emerging Issues.   North Carolina Connections Academy North Carolina Connections Academy is a tuition-free, public online school. NCCA gives students the flexibility to learn at home with an online curriculum that meets rigorous state education standards, the school says on its website. NCCA says it helps students through a learning program featuring: A challenging  curriculum  developed by leading education expertsInstruction from  state-certified teachers  experienced in online instructionSupport from trained  counselors, principals, and administrative staffCurriculum materials needed to participate in an online learning environment Tips for Choosing an Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. If you or your children are considering choosing a tuition-free  online high school, make sure you ask questions before deciding on a program, such as graduation rates, school and teacher accreditation, and what expenses you might incur, such as books and school supplies.

The Marketing Mix of Mini Cheddar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Marketing Mix of Mini Cheddar - Essay Example The good results of the company were because of the good strategy of the company price and product quality. However, the company needed to improve on promotion and the place as it caused the company some problems. The study through the questionnaire pointed out that the company needed to do more on its strategies to improve it marketing strategy and meet good customer base. Introduction The source of the information on this part was from Kenilson who is the author of the book, â€Å"Marketing (Daewin, 2011)† .Cheddars are products of baked Cheddar cheese, which are flavored with the British savory biscuits with granular crumby texture. Cheddars in the present market are sold under the McVitie’s. Mini cheddars came in as a result of diversification of the products by theMcvities’ as the sales of their unique products started to wane. They products became increasingly popular in the 1970s, which led to the introduction of new flavors in the market The flavors intro duced in include the Marmite, BBQ Beef, Pickle and Mature Cheddar. The new variety of crispier lined Mini Cheddars called Crinkly were also launched .The company strategy is to be the market leader in a competitive market to ensure their sales are higher and have a great customer base. Product quality and price plays a crucial role in the marketing strategy of the company. The company has customers in all categories which range from children to adults. The company products are unique and are of high quality. The company prices are reasonable and affordable to their cu8stomers.However, the questionnaire administered indicated that there is the need to improve on the strategy of promotion and the location of the company’s outlet (http://www.minicheddarusa.com/AboutUS MinicheddarHistory.php). Methodology In the process of administering the questionnaire I had four members in my team, Mary, Paul, and me. As a team we decided to sit down and decide to design the best questionnaire which we will carry research on the cheese brand and establish the concept of Marketing Mix. We came up with 20 closed questionnaires in order to come up with valid results from the respondents. Lastly, we administered the questionnaires on about 100 respondents in Upper Tilley Shopping mall and we managed to receive 80 feedbacks concerning the study. Results and the analysis of the Mini Cheddar The findings on the administered questionnaire were presented in percentage form. Majority of the correspondence to the questionnaire knew what Mini Cheddars and it represented 80% of the population. On the other hand, the number of those who did not know this product completely was 20% of the total samples in the questionnaire. The questions were entirely based on the 4P Marketing Mix strategy. Products The cheese products from the company is meant for several categories of people who include the children and adults and in order to meet the needs of these diverse groups of people the compa ny products should be of high quality. On the question on what the consumers look at in buying the Mini Cheddar products, many correspondents to the questionnaire said that they look at quality, which 35% of the total questionnaires administered. 20% of the questionnaires liked the taste of the products, thus making them to buy the product. Still on the product, most of the customers who responded to the questionna

Dilemma discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dilemma discussion - Essay Example Through their ability to foretell the consequences of their actions, they should come to an agreement, which is letting the biological parents have custody of their daughter. If the child’s biological parents are eventually given custody, it would be in the best interest of the majority. This is because the foster parents will finally accept the fact that they are rehabilitated and no longer have drug problems. That will also provide the best opportunity for the foster parents to explain to the child what happened and also enable them to become part of the reunited family by helping the child accept her parents. According to Ruggiero (2012), ethical decisions are influenced by, among others, family, feelings and majority view. Therefore, it is true that the child only knows of her foster family, but it is their obligation to help her accept her biological and true family. If the court opined that the biological parents were rehabilitated enough, then the foster parents should also feel the same and help them along. The ultimate result is that both families will end up being happy and the child will have a greater number of people she can trust and look up to. Using the care-based thinking, Ruggiero (2012) opines that people should base their decisions on what they would want others to do to them. The biological parents, therefore, want their daughter back and care for her because they will most certainly need her care in old age. The foster parents ought to think in the same way and acknowledge that even they themselves would need a child’s care n future. Therefore, they should accept the court ruling and let the biological parents take care of their daughter. This school of thought is similar to the ends-based thinking in the sense that they both consider the ultimate outcome of one’s actions. However, they differ because the significance of response is emphasized in the ethics-based thinking. On the other hand, both schools of thought are

Individuals Human Development Essay Example for Free

Individuals Human Development Essay The environments or â€Å"contexts† of life play a major role in the development of human beings throughout the lifespan. Even the most ardent genetically oriented human beings acknowledge that the environment contributes to human development. Thus Nurture is important in this respect.   However, it is not enough simply to state that environment is important in the analysis of a person’s character. This is where the importance of nature comes in.    Although developmental theories have emerged to describe the growth and maturation of the individual, a parallel trend has been to describe the changing pattern of the family life cycle as a series of developmental stages (Watson, 1913). Family developmentalists view the family, like the individual, as having certain prime functions at certain points in the life cycle. In the case of Pavlov, both his environment and his innate nature contributed to his stature as one of man’s most famous scientists. Classical conditioning refers to the formation of a single association by means of a procedure developed by Ivan Pavlov in the early 1900s. Pavlov’s special field of study was the digestive secretions of the body, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1904.On of the secretions being studied was salivation. To obtain a precise measure of secreted saliva under varying conditions, Pavlov inserted a small tube into the salivary glands of experimental dogs. When the dog salivated, the fluid was routed into Pavlov’s measuring cups. By this method, he could determine not only when the salivation occurs, but also how much and at what rate. For one time—indeed, even for today—it was a remarkably clear and rigorous estimate of response strength. It has become one of the most productive areas in all of psychology. This paper shall look into the environmental and internal factors that influence human behavior and attempt to explain how these two factors interact in a person’s life to bring about his present personality and character. During his studies of salivation, Pavlov noted what he called â€Å"psychic secretions.† If food is placed in the mouth of the animal, it will secrete saliva automatically – this response is innate not learned. But the dogs in Pavlov’s apparatus, soon began to salivate to other stimuli as well. For example, the sight of food, the sight of the person who fed them, and even the feeder’s footsteps in the hall, were enough to elicit salivation. These associations had to be learned. They were in effect anticipations of food in the mouth. Because the response (salivation) was not controlled by the simple reflex connections, come higher neural processes had to be involved. T was as if the mind took over the control of the reflexive act—hence, â€Å"psychic secretions—as if the thought of food was enough to produce the same response as food itself. It stressed that children are active, curious explorers who seek to adapt to their environments, rather than passive biological urges who are molded by their parents. Pavlov, as a child, was indeed a curious, precocious youngster. His father has a big influence into what he turned out to be. Meanwhile, Watson (1913) behaviorism is the conclusions about human development should be based on observations of overt behavior rather than on speculations about   unconscious motives or cognitive processes that are unobservable. Moreover, Watson also believed that well-learned associations between external stimuli and observable responses are the building blocks of human development. When Petrovich Pavlov was a child, he was involved in an accident that prevented him from going to school. Thus, it was only when he was 11 years old that he was able to go back and have a formal schooling. He went to theological seminary and eventually at 21 he decided to pursue psychology. It is said that â€Å"he was ironically diverted from becoming a second-generation clergy, by the works of Charles Darwin and Russian physiologist Ivan Sechenov, which he read while in seminary. Even his marriage was not spared the cyclic heartbreak then elation pattern that appeared to prevail in his life.† (Pavlov.). He had tragedies to deal with when he had a family of his own. Two of his six children died. Like Watson, Skinner believed that habits develop as a result of unique operant learning experiences. Pavlov’s curiosity for learning developed because he had the supervision of his mother during those years he stopped schooling.   He formed the habit of   having the passion for learning, investigating and experimenting. Meanwhile, nowhere is Bandura’s cognitive emphasis clearer than in his decision to highlight observational learning as a central developmental process. Observational learning is simply learning that results from observing the behavior of other people.   Bandura stressed observational learning in his cognitive social learning theory simply because this active, cognitive form of learning permits young children to quickly acquire thousands of new responses in a variety of settings. Indeed, the environments or â€Å"contexts† of life play a major role in the development of human beings throughout the lifespan. Even the most ardent genetically oriented human beings acknowledge that the environment contributes to human development. Thus Nurture is important in this respect.   However, it is not enough simply to state that environment is important in the analysis of a person’s character. This is where the importance of nature comes in. Born on Sept 14, 1849 in Russia, Pavlov was prepared for a life of discipline and excellence. Pavlov’s father Peter Dmitrivich was a priest while his brother Ivan was also part of the church staff.   It was his father Dmitrivich who was highly influential in carving Pavlov to be the way he turned out in his later years. His early environment under the tutelage of a highly educated and dignified father became one of the biggest factors that explain his passion for excellence in life. In practical life, the one that plays a more dominant role for example, in crime control policy, is the one that centers more on the role of the biological setup of the person and the family with whom he grows up with.   The majority of children grow up in a family context that usually includes a father and/or a mother and, in many instances, brothers and sisters. The family has been shown to have an impact on important processes, including the development of self-concept, sex roles, language, intellectual abilities and interpersonal skills (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). Explanation of the interaction of heredity and environment is not a simple matter. Hereditary factors operate from the moment of conception in determining the features of human growth and development. Our current understanding of human genetics makes it fairly clear that many human physical traits are inherited. We know that genetic factors are involved in the development of the human body from the time of conception. However, we do not fully understand the scientific mechanisms of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in controlling human growth and development. The relationship of this nature versus nurture interaction to human behavior is indeed a much-debated issue. Where do differences in personality or temperament come from? Friends or relatives are frequently quick to comment that an infant has a temper â€Å"like his father† or is easygoing â€Å"like his mother,† suggesting that such differences are inherited. Does this mean that infant temperament is generically determined? Not necessarily, since the environment plays an important role in the expression of temperament. Researchers say that temperament is best viewed as a natural bias toward a given behavioral direction (difficult, easygoing, introverted and extroverted). The expression of this bias depends on one’s environment or experience: the child with a temperamental â€Å"bias† for a high activity level may in fact be easygoing and mild-mannered in a relaxed family environment. The bias for high activity levels may in fact be easygoing and mild mannered in a relaxed family environment. The bias for high activity levels may appear only in a stressful or competitive situation (Wiggam, 1923). Temperament and personality depend for their expression on the joint contributions of heredity, environment (parenting strategies) and individual behavior (through the active selection of environments, particularly as the child grows older). Children need to be exposed in an environment where they must have opportunities to feel free to be choice-makers, to know that they can have justice for themselves. A school ought to encourage children to feel appreciative of their own individuality. They need to feel playful and to see life as fun, and to have their teachers and parents join in on this approach to fun living. And mostly, they need to feel creatively alive, to have a burning sense of desire and appreciation for everything in life. To eschew boredom and dullness, and to glow in the excitement of each and everyday. This is not some farfetched ideal. Pavlov thought that the cortex was the only site of new neural connections in learning. His evidence was that members of his laboratory were not able to condition dogs from whom the cortex had been surgically removed. But later, in Pavlov’s laboratory, and elsewhere, investigators found that they could obtain conditioning in mammals even after all the cerebral cortex had been removed. For example, a dog with its cortex removed can learn to lift its paw whenever a light flash occurs to avoid shock. Such conditioning occurs slowly   and irregularly. However, because such animals tend to be distractible and irritable and they do not have keen sensory discrimination. But the evidence is clearly antagonistic to Pavlov’s   claim that cortex is necessary.

India and Pakistan- Conflict over Kashmir Essay -- International Confli

Introduction In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to this day. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy. However, successive Kashmiri governments have been dissolved by the government of India, and elections have only been held in the presence of its armed forces. In 1965, Pakistan and India waged a second indecisive war over Kashmir. In the 1980s, resistance within Kashmir itself against the Indian government took on a violent nature, with guerilla attacks against Indian army bases. India responded with heavy army clampdowns, and since then the situation has only escalated and get worse. It is e stimated that well over 34,000 people have died within the valley, and the relations between the two countries have become increasingly acrimonious. India blames Pakistan for the militant uprising, claiming Islamabad is supporting cross border terrorism. Pakistan responds that it merely provides diplomatic and moral support arguing, furthermore, that India’s history of human rights abuses in the valley is to blame. With both countries now in possession of nuclear arms; the recent war in KARGIL and the increasing number of civilian deaths, refugees, and other human rights issues within Kashmir, the conflict seems to be taking on a more serious nature. In this paper I will discuss the Kashmir conflict in some depth, examining the problem in... ...there is poverty. Kashmir is the finest place to start, and not merely because it is the core of the Indo-Pakistan conflict. Our histories, cultures and religions have converged in Kashmir. Our rivers begin there, mountains meet there, and our dreams rest there.† Works Cited "The Hindu : A View from Pakistan: Resolving Kashmir Now." The Hindu. Eqbal Ahmad, Nov. 1996. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "BBC News | SOUTH ASIA | Protest against Kashmir 'disappearances'" BBC News - Home. 10 Mar. 2000. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . Kashmir - A Way Forward. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. . "Indian Predicament In Kashmir | Pakistan Daily." Pakistan News | Pakistan Daily. 26 Aug. 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .

Armenian Genocide †Forgotten Fire Essay

1.The author included the quote from Hitler as the epigraph because he wrote â€Å"Who does now remember the Armenians† before the question and Hitler’s quote answered it. The quote answers the question because only Hitler remembered the Armenians and did the same to the Jews. My ideas didn’t change after reading Forgotten Fire because I already knew the story about the Armenian Genocide. 2.Vahan couldn’t discuss his fear with his mother because first of all, he was too scared to say a word and he wasn’t confident enough to say anything. Also he was imagining things in his mind of what might have happened to his father and maybe if he told his mother, he would burst out in tears. He didn’t also want to disturb his mother because his mother was very depressed when her husband left and it seemed like her heart wasn’t there. Also, her mother would have lied to him anyway and not tell him the truth for why the Turks took his father. 3.The attitude of the Armenian community changed in various ways. No one knew something was going to happen to them, so once everything started; everyone began to only care about themselves. Some people just didn’t want to go any longer and just wanted to be shot before getting tortured in any way. Also they were shocked of what the Turks had done and they started hating them. Every Turk they saw, they started to hate. 4.The Kenderian family was a very wealthy family and lived a great Armenian life. The father had great honor in his community. Vahan greatly admires his father because he always followed his father’s rules and the only way he survived was staying strong and admiring what his father told him to do step by step. The memory of his father gave him a lot of courage to survive because every time he had a hard time, he would close his eyes and imagine what his father told him and then move on. 5.I was aware of the Armenian Genocide before reading the book. The only ethnic war I know of before World War 11 was the Jewish Holocaust. 6.After the murder of Vahan’s brothers, he had a hard time. He didn’t feel  like himself anymore and thought that there was no point of living any longer because he knew that the soldiers would come back and kill him also. He was in pain and couldn’t stand the fact that his brothers had died, he thought everything was imaginary. After that, he stood up more and became aggravated tat he was going to survive through everything. 7.After violent experiences on his journey to Constantinople, his behavior changed afterward. He witnessed many things so after a while, if he saw someone get shot or people begging for something, he did not care because it was normal to him already just because he seen it so many times. The graphic descriptions didn’t disturb my reading because I knew about the Armenian Genocide before I read the book and also I saw an Armenian movie which had more details so the description in the book didn’t seem so harsh. 8.Vahan reveals his spiritual doubt when all the time he prayed about someone or something he got no answer. For example he would always pray to find his family members and when he didn’t, he started to doubt praying. After that, he finally found out that God really exists and he answered as many of his prayers as he could. 9.Vahan knew that Selim Bey wasn’t a polite person but the way he treated him, his first impression of Selim Bey was surprising. Vahan actually â€Å"liked† Selim Bey and couldn’t believe he had done anything to harm the Armenians. Vahan discovers Selim Bey’s true nature when he sends him to his father’s house and doesn’t ever visit Vahan again. Selim Bey betrayed Vahan which showed he didn’t care about him. 10.What Vahan means when he says I would be free an would never be free is the it was unbelievable that he was free from everything now and didn’t have to worry about hiding from Turkish soldiers, but then he still didn’t fell free because he didn’t have his family and everything he once had which made him seem like he had something missing in himself. I don’t think there are countries that deny freedom to certain citizens based on their ethnicity. 11.Mr. and Mrs. Tashian help Vahan on his journey to a new life in many ways.  Vahan learned how to take care of himself and form a family of his own one day. Also, he learned how to do different types of tasks that he learned from Mr. and Mrs. Tashian. Also, they influenced him to move on and not give up which gave him the courage to continue. 12.Everyone in Vahan’s past gave him courage to contribution to freedom in many ways. Every time Vahan was in a dark room or some place he was not sure what he can do, he would close his eyes and imagine something that someone said or did from the past which helped him move on and do what the person once told him to do. Each person gave him courage because he would imagine something each person told him to do and then he would gain more courage and confidence with his journey. 13.The meaning of the tile Forgotten Fire is the death of all the Armenians that was forgotten by the Turks. 14.The quote from Hitler was related to the Armenian Genocide because the world did indeed forget the extermination of people after the war. As well as the Jewish Holocaust, the extermination of humans was forgotten by everyone and never came to mind after such a cruel person such as Hitler committed such an act that was done to the Armenians. It also relates to the Armenian Genocide because Hitler tried to do the sane thing to the Jews as the Turks tried to do to the Armenians. http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Education.73/current_category.123/resourceguide_detail.html

Mpo Notes

Extrinsic motivation is related to rewards such as salary, job security, benefits, promotional prospects, the working environment and its conditions. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual. It relates to rewards which are psychological such as positive recognition and a sense of challenge and achievement. Vroom’s expectancy theory – Vroom believes that people will be motivated to do things to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of the goal and if they can see that what they do will help them to achieve it.Maslow Theory hierarchy of needs – self actualisation, esteem needs self esteem recognition status, social needs sense of belonging love, safety needs security protection, physiological needs hunger thirst. Herzberg two factor theory – hygiene factors (maintenance factors to avoid dissatisfaction but do not necessarily motivate employees) – Company policy and administration, Wages, salaries and other financial remuneration, Qua lity of supervision, Quality of inter-personal relations, Working conditions, Feelings of job security.Motivator factors – Status, Opportunity for advancement, Gaining recognition, Responsibility, Challenging / stimulating work, Sense of personal achievement & personal growth in a job. McGregor’s X and Y theory – Theory X = Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible, Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led, Individuals who desire security. Theory Y = Consider effort at work as just like rest or play, Ordinary people who do not dislike work.Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment, Individuals who seek responsibility (if they are motivated). Taylor’s scientific management theory – Man is a rational economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain, People respond as individuals, not as groups, People can be treated in a standardised fashion, like machines. Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Model is a further development of Vroom’s theory.It considers performance as a whole, pointing out that effort expended does not lead directly to performance but is influenced by the ability of the individual and his/her perceptions. They identify motivation, performance and satisfaction as individual and separate variables and attempt to explain the relationships between the three. Adam’s equity theory – focuses on the way people feel they have been treated in the workplace, looks at fairness of treatment between people, expectation – what people expect to receive in return for there hard work.People may try and get others to leave, they may start to compare themselves to someone who they think they are more like. Methods of removing inequity – increased pay, perks, better working conditions, transfer a member to another department. Locke’s goal theory – clarity, challeng e, commitment, feedback, task complexity. Teamwork is important for staff morale, work performance. Empowerment, quality circle and TQM. Improves productivity, improving quality, improvement in motivation and commitment.Organisations arrange their workforce into groups of people who work together for a common purpose or goal but who each have their own jobs to do. Teamwork creates synergy, in groups leadership is shared, empowerment is making people responsible for the quality of their own work, it enables all knowledge to be utilised, and people doing the work are those that know most about the job. Where group members share the same office this can lead towards group cohesiveness.Good teamwork – Commitment to the team’s success as well as the development of team member, The appropriate skills to do the tasks, The team has its own clear identity to both the members and others, Team members are positive and motivated, The team learns from mistakes and copes with setbac ks, The team is results focussed and produces real results. The authoritarian manager: Motivates by reward, Imposes decisions, Does not delegate, Has only a superficial trust in their staff, Occasionally involves staff in solving problems.The democratic manager: Shares opinions and ideas, Has complete confidence and trust in their staff, Allows staff to participate in making decisions, Motivates by reward for achieving goals set by participation. The autocratic manager: Threatens or bullies staff into action, never delegates, Always imposes decisions on others, Has no trust and confidence in staff, Has little communication and teamwork.

The seven methods of healing Essay Example

The seven methods of healing Essay Example The seven methods of healing Essay The seven methods of healing Essay Your Personal Experience: Loss of an Infant son to KIDS. Principle of Healing Application of the Principle to Your Experience Application of Skills to Manage Symptoms Due to lack of resources and knowledge I didnt know how to manage symptoms of the loss. Today if I were to help a client deal with a loss as such, Explain that everyday will be tough to face, but staying in the now the current day will help, there is a time to look back to what has happened but it does help to stay In the now Focus on what Is happening at the moment not what has happened In the past. Give yourself a mime to remember and to grieve, but not all the time. Processing of Integration of Traumatic Memories Traumatic Memories will occur, being able to accept the traumatic event will ease the pain, slowly accept the fact that you are safe and in control and will remain that way. Talking about feelings and memories may help bring light and a new perspective about the loss, and some understanding that may help remembering the tragic event as a strengthening agent Instead of a traumatic event relived. Replacing Avoidance with Confrontation This particular healing process is very tough, clients may feel so tired to the point of exhaustion. Learning to know that the feelings are arising and realizing they are not in control, you have the power to take control over your feelings and dramatic memories. Remembering that if we Just avoid those memories we can never master confrontation. Describe the Climate of Pacing and Safety The healing process takes time, It dont happen overnight, you have good days and bad days. This step is about learning to walk again, you must put one foot in front of you will reach the point of slowly realizing that everyday was worth going forward. Utilizing Intact Boundaries Knowing that foundries give a feeling of inner strength. Taking control of your linings, and knowing that you are the only one that can have such control over your feelings, it makes for the healing process smoother The only one that can control you and your feelings is YOU. Awareness and Acceptance of Feelings Everyone wants to belong and be accepted for who they are Hen somebody experiences a loss or traumatic experience they may seem that they are Judged, or looked down upon, and that makes for the healing process to be even more difficult, reassuring the client that they matter and how they feel is important and they are accepted Just as the are, it will help them deal a little easier with POTS. Outbalance In life it is so important to have balance no matter what the situation. When one experie nces the loss of a child it is very difficult to NOT allow the loss to consume you. As mentioned earlier, allow yourself to grieve and a given time, remember that in life there are no promises, Just reassurance of peace and comfort through Christ Jesus. Some clients may not want to hear about Jesus, and that is understandable, but they do need to realize Christ is NOT of this world, for we live in a cold broken world full of sin, and Jesus is always present in spirit, he provides the relief one may need or seeks in a major loss of a loved one.

Zombie Spice and Drakulas Blood The Halloween Happening [Interview]

Zombie Spice and Drakulas Blood The Halloween Happening [Interview] Halloween is coming! This year we decided to break the rules of usual Halloween posts and make them in the more interesting format. We want to find out how different people from different universities, even countries, celebrate Halloween. And the best way to find it out is to ask them share their stories. Today the interviewee is Katy Gilroy, a 19-year-old student from University of Chester, UK. She studies Journalism and Creative Writing. Apart from studying, she also has her personal blog, writes and publishes poetry and is a massive fan of Shakespeare. We decided to start from the most general question to find out Katys attitude to Halloween: How do you feel about Halloween and everything related to it? I love Halloween! I think its one of those occasions that everyone can get involved the way they want to, and it brings people together in such a fun way. Even if its something as simple as having a bowl of sweets next to your front door, theres an aspect of Halloween for everyone. Right! Its good to hear that a person from UK loves Halloween, which is considered primarily US holiday. How is Halloween observed in Britain? I do think Halloween is a more American tradition; it is celebrated a lot more over there than it is here in Britain. For example, in US I know people have decorations up right the way through November, whereas in Britain we tend not to put our pumpkins out until a few day before Halloween itself. So you do celebrate Halloween. Could you tell more about your Halloween traditions? Which of them do you find interesting? I think one of the best traditions is trick or treating. When I was younger, my mum would take my brother and I out along with a few friends, all of us dressed in weird and wonderful costumes anything from a princess to a kitten to a pirate, but nothing too terrifying! I loved shouting TRICK OR TREAT at whoever answered the door and seeing them pretend to jump back in horror. Now that Im older I love answering the door and seeing how excited all the kids are. Thats lovely! Youve mentioned weird costumes you had on Halloween celebrations. Which costume was you favourite? Ive dressed up for Halloween almost every year as far as I can remember, and Ive had such a huge range of costumes. Two of my favourites have been dressing as a dead school girl, and as a zombie princess. Theyre simple ideas but with a bit of imagination you can make anything look really extravagant. Now, that you are not a school girl any more, what costume would you like to wear for Halloween party and why? Id love to find a group of friends and dress up as a zombified version of the Spice Girls! Id be Baby Spice because Im blonde. Zombie Spice Girl is an awesome costume idea! You should definitely try that. Now lets move from dressing up to the actual celebration. Can you think of some fun Halloween parties youve been to? When I was younger my aunty and uncle used to have a party to celebrate both Halloween and Bonfire Night we called it Bonoween. There was always fancy dress, fireworks and food so much food. Last year at my university house we had a big Halloween party with all of our friends. There was 18 of us living there, and we each invited a few people. Our house was full of students dressed in really amazing outfits (one of my friends came dressed as Elmo!), all having fun and mingling with people they wouldnt otherwise have met. Speaking about parties.You definitely have organizing skills, as youve organized charity music festival. So, imagine that you have to organize Halloween party for your friends and fellow students. What would you like it to be like? If I was to organise my own Halloween party, Id make it a massive occasion and call it The Halloween Happening. Ideally I would hire out a venue, and cover it in fake cobwebs, paint splatters on the wall to resemble blood, and pumpkins EVERYWHERE. I think I would want to make it a party that both children and adults could enjoy, so that nobody would have to find a baby sitter or miss out on the fun. There would definitely be loads of Halloween themed food: cupcakes decorated to look like eyeballs, green jelly to look like toxic goo, and red punch to look like Draculas blood! There would definitely be no fancy dress no entry rule, and a prize for the scariest costume. Great! I am sure that would be a party of the year. So, costumes - check, party - checkwhat else is associated with Halloween? As for me, several things I associate with Halloween are: pumpkins, trick or treating, fake blood, toffee apples and witches. Pretty spooky combination (especially those of blood and toffee apples). But Halloween is meant to be a spooky fest. Lets add some more horror with your favourite films or horror stories. I absolutely love horror films, and one of my favourites is The Possession, in which a little girl becomes possessed by a demon from inside a wooden box. I also really enjoyed The Hills Run Red, which not many people have heard of! Despite being a book worm, Ive not read any books within the horror genre unless you count Frankenstein, which is a wonderful classic story. And the last question Do you think Eat, drink and be scary is the main idea of Halloween? Or should it be anything else behind the celebration? I think eat, drink and be scary is a perfect way to sum up Halloween; I dont think there is or should be any deeper reason behind the celebrations. If people are having fun and not causing any harm to anyone else then what could be wrong? Thanks for sharing your amazing Halloween story with our readers, Katy! Hopefully, you will have the unforgettable Halloween celebration this year! We wish you to keep inspiring people around with your creative ideas and radiance. Have any questions for Katy? Or want to share your unique Halloween story? Feel free to leave your message in the comments below. Also, read the interview The Secret Life of a Real Halloweener with our next guest, Jonathan Wojcik.

Average amount of people late to work on a daily Essay

Average amount of people late to work on a daily - Essay Example The one chosen was had a population of 2,000 with 525 households. Only adults participated. Most people in the area had families living with them and lived just outside the base. Others had to travel to their work. Observations were also conducted directly on people living on their daily reporting routines to job. The questionnaires would then be filled by the researchers on the topics they could observe without bias. 250 questionnaires were received back, 172 of the total were completely filled, 50 were partially filled and 28 were damaged. The 172 were used to conduct the analysis. NB: those who work on weekends not included. Data was collected for only a week. This cannot give the final trend of the militia’s lateness. Therefore the data given should be compared with other research done before coming up with the final opinion. We had to ask why they failed to reach their workplaces in time. This had numerous response as they tried to justify themselves for their shortcomings. Some reasons were observed by the researchers in their data collection process. In the end we compiled the logical reasons putting others as one point while disintegrating others (Moses, 1996).The reasons given were mostly the same and they are numbered below. Lateness to work has caused many to lose their jobs, demoted to a lower position or have their salary being cut down. Warnings are always given before these consequences are faced. Those who fail to heed are the ones who suffer. When excuses are given, they should be genuine in order not to face one of the above. Sometimes people cheat to be given an excuse for coming late. They normally face a tougher punishment for doing this. These reasons are the ones which were faced by greater number of respondents. Some were minor reasons which only affected a few and could be done away with if one became serious with their work. In the event of collecting data, some of the reason were also faced by the

The Perversion of the Violent Frontier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Perversion of the Violent Frontier - Essay Example In turn, the very same media perverted the picture of violence at the frontier. The success and fame of revived the production of American Westerns. Spaghetti Westerns form a significant genre in the history of film industry irrespective of the opinion of the critics. The film by Robert Rodriguez, ‘Desperado’ and the extremely violent action flick by John Woo both are being hailed as ‘modern Spaghetti Westerns.’ Fredrick Jackson Turner is regarded as the father of the advanced study in Western history, he researched some fundamental principles of western violence and found that the ideals of the pioneer have been understood in two forms that are: anti-government sentiment and the other interpretation is the profound faith in egalitarianism. Afterward, Turner explained that the pioneer passionately hated monopoly, aristocracy and special privilege in the social structure. Pioneer had faith in economy, simplicity and in the people’s rule. These people classified the attribute of personal development to be free from government and social limitations. If Turner’s perspective was valid for the situation on the frontier then it would have been easier to accept the conventional concept of the western ‘bad man’ or ‘criminal’ in response to the Turner’s proposition that the Western world was a person’s paradise. The pioneer in Turner’s construct did not have faith in the law and dealt with the matters on his own. Historical research of two about decades brought new theories to explain the relationship between the West and the violence. The book, ‘The Great Plains’ that was published in 1931 and was written by Walter Prescott Webb braided the concept of Western violence into a survey about the entire history of the Great Plains.

Platonic Philosophy in Contemporary Culture Essay

Platonic Philosophy in Contemporary Culture - Essay Example As a philosopher, Socrates was afraid that subjectivity and skeptic beliefs that were prevalent in the society would undermine the ethical construct of young people (Plato 161). As a response, Socrates differed with the ruling class, and independently portrayed his vision of ethics. In Plato’s dialogue, detailed elaboration of Socrates’ philosophical education is portrayed through contextual analogies, specifically in the analogy of warrior guardians. Observably, Socrates separates motivation and desires into three distinct groups; appetitive desires like sex and money, spiritual desires like honor, and rational desires like objective knowledge and truth. In practical contexts, independent pursuit for these three desires often overlaps with each other (Lindsey and Wyse 70). In the context of philosophical education, Socrates mentioned that an overlap occurs when the pursuit for objective knowledge overlap with that of appetitive desires and lusts like sex. In his warrior guardians’ analogy, Socrates discredits that erotic attraction and relationship between a boy and a man. According to Socrates, â€Å"A mutual attraction and love between a boy and a man is necessary for objective education to materialize† (Plato 206). Apparently, heightened senses of love motivate a young learner to pursue knowledge with the help of his older teacher. However, sexual desires occasionally infiltrates into the boy-man relationship in philosophical education. Plato mentioned that when pure love is transformed into an erotic love, the intended purpose of an educational relationship fails. This is more so when erotic love is homosexual in nature. In this context, it emerged that erotic homosexual desires are not only selfish but also unethical. According to Socrates, erotic heterosexual desires are ethical and natural because they lead to procreation. However, Socrates mentioned that homosexual acts are purely useless

How Learned Helplessness Can Impact Patient Satisfaction Nursing Essay

How Learned Helplessness Can Impact Patient Satisfaction Nursing Essay Ever since To Err is Human did patients really start to care about the quality of care they received from their physicians, hospitals, and healthcare organizations. However, healthcare organizations had already recognized the importance of patient satisfaction several years earlier. Many organizations started measuring patient satisfaction as a way to judge the perceptions of how their patients viewed their experiences while under their care. There are many facets to measuring patient satisfaction but to date the concept of learned helplessness has not been incorporated into the mix. Learned helplessness is a phenomenon occurring in many places in our society. It affects how we work, interact with others, conduct our business, and employ our thoughts and views on healthcare. When experience with uncontrollable events leads to the expectation that future events will also be uncontrollable, disruption in motivation, emotion, and learning may occur. That phenomenon has been called learn ed helplessness (Cemalcilar 2003). Armed with a better understanding with how learned helplessness plays a role in patient satisfaction healthcare settings will be better able to alleviate this discomforting phenomenon and thus should raise patient satisfaction scores. This paper serves as a vehicle to investigate the concept of learned helplessness combined with a review of patient satisfaction and provide guidance for research to further our understanding of the relationship between the two. Literature review: Learned helplessness came about by accident in 1965 by Martin Seligman and his team while studying the relationship between fear and learning. Seligman observed an unexpected behavior while investigating Pavlovs theory on stimulus and response. Seligman didnt pair the bell with food but rewarded the dog with a small shock while restraining the dog to keep it from running away. The researcher thought that the dog would experience fear after hearing the bell and would try to run away or display some other type of behavior. After this the dog was placed into a box with two compartments divided by a low enough fence that the dog could see the other side and escape if the dog so desired. To their amazement, after the bell was sounded the dog didnt try to run away but instead just laid or sat on the one side of the box. The researchers repeated the test but instead of sounding the bell they gave the dog a small shock. As was the case with the bell the dog decided to stay on its initial sid e of the box. The test was repeated with a dog that had never been subject to any of the previous experiments and when given the shock the dog took flight and jumped over the small fence to escape. What was decided was that the first dog, while being restrained, learned that trying to get away from the shock was pointless and the dog had no control over its destiny and was therefore helpless. Some researchers have contended that the dog just thought he was being punished for some act of wrongdoing or that the end of the pain from the shock was indeed the reward. However, this behavior has been used in a variety of situations which will be explained here in an effort to learn more about this phenomenon. Learned helplessness has detrimental effects on children. They develop a lack of self-confidence in challenging tasks which result in deterioration of performances (Dweck, Davidson, Nelson, Enna, 1978). These children do not develop good problem solving strategies and can suffer from lack of attention and think that all of their efforts are fruitless. Children like this are often held back a grade in an effort to bolster their social and academic skills. In the end, they get a message that they are worthless and hopeless (Berger, 1983). These children may be inadequately prepared to take on new learnings and perform out of the ordinary tasks. Failure become synonymous in these childrens vocabulary and repeated efforts may do little to change their outlook. In Eriksons view, he suggests that children with few successes will become inferior which leads them to have a low self-esteem (Berger, 1983). Most learned helpless students give up trying to gain respect through their academic pe rformance so they turn to other means for recognition. They may become the class clown, bully or tease. When they begin adolescent years they try to gain respect through antisocial behaviors (Berger, 1983). With learned helpless children, competence is almost entirely destroyed. They lose confidence within themselves because they experience failures, leading them to believe they are failures. They might feel competent about something at first but if they fail in that activity they wont bother to try it again for fear of failure. Autonomy is also faint in a learned helpless students life. They feel as though they have no control over their environment because no matter how hard they tried in the past, they never succeeded. As for relatedness, learned helpless students feel as though they dont belong because they believe that they dont relate to the environment. This is why they become the class clown, bully or tease in order to get their recognition. These results may include becomin g an antisocial individual during their adolescent years or earlier. These three factors are all detrimental to an individuals growth and development in our social world today. There have been a few scales conducted and measured trying to use this construct in a variety of situations. The majority of these studies utilized learned helplessness as a secondary construct in explaining either complaint behavior (Lee and Soberon-Ferrer 1999) and measuring the relationship between empowerment and learned helplessness (Campbell and Martinko 1998). The study showed that there were many differences between empowerment and learned helplessness. Another study was conducted in a hospital setting with a reported reliability of 0.85. It had a positive relationship with Becks hopelessness scale (r=.252) and a negative correlation with Rosenbergs Self-Esteem scale (r=-.622) (Quinless 1988). Another way it can affect people is through different emotions such as pessimism, futility, risk aversion, depression, and self-esteem. It has been defined in people as a state of which the consumer cannot control their destiny or outcomes and therefore relinquish control over a certain situation. What research to date has been conducted to study patient behavior with learned helplessness? Raps et. al (1982) found that the longer a patients length of stay was the worse the patient performed on cognitive tasks that index learned helplessness. First, they determined this because of a perceived loss of control by the patient. Second, increased hospitalization resulted not only in increased deficits but also in increased vulnerability to identical deficits produced by minimal amounts of uncontrollable noise, suggesting that the process underlying the deficits in the no-noise conditions is learned helplessness produced by hospitalization. Third, increased hospitalization disrupted performance at the problem-solving tasks, but not at the verbal intelligence test-replicating the previous results from laboratory studies of learned helplessness and suggesting that the deficits of our subjects were not a general deterioration but instead a more specific difficulty with new learning (Rap s et al. 1982). Fourth, increased hospitalization produced increased depressive symptoms that covaried with poor performance both across and within conditions. This pattern suggests again that perceptions of helplessness caused the observed deficits, since depression involves a diminished sense of efficacy (Raps et al. 1982). Faulkner (2001) set out to investigate the relevance of learned helplessness and learned mastery theories in the respective development of dependence and independence in older hospitalized people. Faulkners experiment shows how an exposure to uncontrollable or disempowering circumstances potentially places patients at risk of developing learned helplessness. This condition has the potential to retard self-care performance in the absence of supervision, direction, or active personal assistance thus rendering patients dependent (Faulkner 2001). Moreover, this dependence may not remain specific to the task within which LH was induced, but may generalize to affect patient performance in other activities. To date the accepted scale to use when measuring learned helplessness is the LHS scale developed by Quinless and McDermott-Nelson. A conceptual definition is necessary in order to further explore this phenomenon. Learned helpless can be defined by a state in which a person thinks that they cannot control their own destiny and the life experiences which happen to them. This definition incorporates the key elements found throughout the research: loss of control, depression, low self-esteem, pessimism, and defeat. Learned helplessness can have the potential for explaining some variation in patient satisfaction scores. In order to further explore how the two are interrelated, an investigation into patient satisfaction must be employed. Patient satisfaction: With the effectiveness of medical care being increasingly measured according to economic as well as clinical criteria, the inclusion of patients opinions in assessments of services has gained greater prominence over the past 25 years (Sitzia Wood 1997). As health care budgets come under scrutiny, so consumers in the West have become more critical of the health care provided, organizing and claiming rights as active participants in the planning and evaluation of health services (Sitzia Wood 1997). An increase in interpersonal relationship interest sparked the development for a need to understand the patient-physician relationship which gave rise to patient satisfaction measurement. Consumer advocate groups such as the National Consumer Council produced Patients rights, which influenced the rise of consumerism in healthcare. The term patients rights became the rallying cry for Patients to have more control and say about the care that was extended to them. What then determines what pa tient satisfaction is? Linder-Pelz (1982) approached a definition of patient satisfaction through five social-psychological variables proposed as probable determinants of patient satisfaction with health care. These are outlined as: Occurrences-the event which actually takes place, and perhaps more importantly, the individuals perception of what occurred; valueevaluation, in terms of good or bad, of an attribute or an aspect of a health care encounter; expectationsbeliefs about the probability of certain attributes being associated with an event or object, and the perceived probable outcome of that association; interpersonal comparisonsan individuals rating of the health care encounter by comparing it with all such encounters known to or experienced by him or her; and entitlementan individuals belief that s/he has proper, accepted grounds for seeking or claiming a particular outcome. Ware et al. (1983) gives a more definitive taxonomy with eight dimensions: interpersonal mannerfeatu res of the way in which providers interact personally with patients (e.g. respect, concern, friendliness, courtesy); technical quality of carecompetence of providers and adherence to high standards of diagnosis and treatment (e.g. thoroughness, accuracy, unnecessary risks, making mistakes); accessibility/conveniencefactors involved in arranging to receive medical care (e.g. waiting times, ease of reaching provider); financesfactors involved in paying for medical services; efficacy/outcomes of carethe results of services provided (e.g. improvements in or maintenance of health); continuity of careconstancy in provider or location of care; physical environmentfeatures of setting in which care is delivered (e.g. clarity of signs and directions, orderly facilities and equipment, pleasantness of atmosphere); and availabilitypresence of medical care resources (e.g. enough medical facilities and providers). CMS has mandated the HCAHPS measures of patient perception of quality of care as a c ondition of Medicare participation (Griffith White 2007). CMS (Medicare) states the supplier shall conduct beneficiary satisfaction surveys and make the results available upon request and/or listed on their Internet website (if applicable). The supplier shall document and review on a quarterly basis a percentage of beneficiaries satisfied with services. These surveys include questions that are divided into five groups: Your care from nurses, Your care from Doctors, The hospital environment, Your experiences in the Hospital, When you left the Hospital, Overall rating of the Hospital, and Demographic questions. These questions must be incorporated into commercial patient satisfaction surveys and publicly reported. In some cases referring physicians may act as agents for their patients and are concerned with clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction and cost. This is important because if they are not satisfied with their patients responses, they may divert their patients elsewhere. However there are some concerns for those that dont buy into patient satisfaction scores. These fall into the category of social-psychological artifacts. LeVois et al. (1981) states that Social desirability response bias argues that patients may report greater satisfaction than they actually feel because they believe positive comments are more acceptable to survey administrators. Similarly, ingratiating response bias occurs when patients use the satisfaction survey to ingratiate themselves with researchers or medical staff, especially if there are any reservations over the anonymity of respondents (Sitzia Wood 1997). Why then study patient satisfaction? Typically patient satisfaction surveys are after the services have been rendered and the patient has left the hospital or physicians office. Most of the surveys use a 5 point Likert scale with 5 indicating excellent or highly satisfied and 1 being poor or highly dissatisfied. Most managers think that getting an average of 4s is very good or good enough and trying to achieve a 5 rating is too costly or time consuming. This is not the case. Many managers also think that they should focus on unsatisfied customers but research has shown that no matter how much time, effort, and money they invest, there will always be a small percentage of patients that are dissatisfied. Managers should then focus on moving those four ratings to fives. When it comes to customer loyalty, excellent has a different meaning from the other rating categories (Otani et al. 2009). Highly satisfied customers are the ones that are loyal and return for their next encounter or recommend others to the same physician o r facility. This usually comprises of about 75% of the physicians business so it is imperative that they keep this group happy and highly satisfied. In an emerging competitive market such as healthcare, managers should focus on achieving excellent ratings to distinguish their organization from others (Otani et al. 2009). Patients that are merely satisfied will seek care elsewhere and look for other providers. Even though the cost of switching hospitals is quite high, patients have more choices now than they did in previous eras. What are some other reasons to highly satisfy these patients? Satisfied patients tend to comply with prescribed medical treatments (Ford, Bach Fottler 1997). Due to an increase in chronic conditions, it is more imperative that patients follow the treatment process prescribed. This can reduce length of stays and lower readmission rates thus reducing costs. Also, it decreases switching. When a patient changes physicians, he or she may be required to retake te sts, which increases the patients costs and may hurt the patient (Otani et al 2009). Another factor is patient satisfaction is now considered a key part of the healthcare quality improvement initiative (Shortell and Kaluzny 2000). Many managed care organizations use patient satisfaction data to determine reimbursement rates to healthcare providers, and many leading companies will not contract with health plans that do not require a patient satisfaction survey. Providers with positive patient satisfaction survey results may receive more financial incentives than providers with poor patient satisfaction survey results (Kongstvedt 2001). In addition a 1 standard deviation point increase in the quality of pt/physician interaction equals a 35% lower chance of a patient complaint for the primary care physician, and a 50% lower chance of a patient complaint for a specialist (Saxton et al. 2008). Saxton (2008) also reports that a one standard deviation decrease in patient satisfaction equal s a five percent increase in the physicians risk management. Compared to physicians in top satisfaction scores: Physicians in middle 1/3 of scores had malpractice lawsuit rates 26% higher while Physicians in bottom 1/3 of scores had malpractice lawsuit rates of 110% higher. According to Saxton (2008) the top five patient priorities are: Response to concerns/complaints during stay, Degree to which hospital staff addressed patients emotional needs, Staff effort to include patient in decisions about their treatment, How well the nurses kept the patient informed, and Promptness in responding to the call button by the patient. One issue not investigated thoroughly is the billing activities of the hospital or caregiver. Richard Clarke, HFMA CEO and President has stated the best care, and great customer service provided during the patients hospital encounter can be destroyed quickly by confusing, complicated, or incorrect billing afterwards (Swayne et al. 2008). According to Swayne (2008, the top five hospital bill features that irritate customers the most are: confusion about what the patients insurance company has paid, confusion about the balance the patient owes the hospital once the insurance company pays its share, use of medical terminology that the patient does not understand, sending a bill to the patient before the insurance company has processed the patients claims, and inability to determine exactly what services the hospital has provided and what the patient is being charged for the service. Follow-on activities are also another area that the physician or caregiver can alter patient satisfaction scores. Many providers think that once the patient is out the door the experience ends there. After a patient has been seen by a physician or is leaving the hospital after surgery, there is a likely need for further services: a child with an ear infection has to return in 10 days for another check-up to make sure the infection is no longer present; after hip surg ery a patient may need to be relocated to a rehabilitation facility to learn to walk again (Swayne 2008). All of these additional services are value adding service activities. All of these factors play a role in learned helplessness as the patient may become frustrated by not having an excellent experience throughout the visit or after the visit. Proposed study: This paper shall utilize the current learned helplessness scale (LHS) and apply it to see how it moderates patient satisfaction scores. Method of study: The proposed model for this study is: Patient Satisfaction Scores Internal State of patient Patient Experience Learned helplessness Learned helplessness This research was consistent with the often used S-O-R paradigm. This paradigm assumes that environments contain stimuli (Ss) that cause changes to peoples internal or organismic states (Os), which in turn cause approach or avoidance responses (Rs) (Mehrabian and Russell 1974). It is anticipated that higher levels of learned helplessness will negatively impact patient satisfaction scores. The area most anticipated are those consistent with loss of control in fulfilling the needs of the patient, like care from the nurses, care from the physician especially in information sharing, and billing issues from either the hospital or the insurance company. The construct will be viewed as a moderator. In general terms, a moderator is a qualitative (e.g., sex, race, class) or quantitative (e.g., level of reward) variable that affects the direction and/or strength of the relation between an independent or predictor variable and a dependent or criterion variable. Specifically within a correlation al analysis framework, a moderator is a third variable that affects the zero-order correlation between two other variables. In the more familiar analysis of variance (ANOVA) terms, a basic moderator effect can be represented as an interaction between a focal independent variable and a factor that specifies the appropriate conditions for its operation. (Baron Kenny 1986). Data collection: Data collection shall be the most challenging facet of this study. It is important to gather rich data that will either support or disprove the theory that learned helplessness lowers patient satisfaction scores. A large enough sample is to be gathered in order to fully demonstrate this phenomenons capability. The LHS will be distributed along with the chosen hospitals patient satisfaction survey and patients will be asked to complete them. It may be necessary to delay the distribution of the survey so the patient has ample time to be contacted or experience learned helplessness form billing issues that may arise. After a sufficient number of surveys have been returned to the author, statistical regression methods will be employed to assess statistical significance as it relates to learned helplessness and patient satisfaction scores. Different factors can be cross-tabulated to see if there are any generalized effects on the scores like age, race, financial, and educational positions . Model fit could be assessed using SEM or other methods to ensure proper allocation and model assessment. Limitations As stated before data collection shall be difficult in performing this study. Hospitals may be reluctant to allow a researcher, independent of the organization, access to their patients and their satisfaction data. This reluctance could be over a variety of factors including patient privacy, fear of inappropriate scores released to the public, and a general distrust for academic research. It may be necessary to conduct this study as a joint venture so the hospital may learn from this study as well as the researcher. Another limitation is patient recall. This is always a factor since consumer recall plays a role in remembering perceptions, actions, and behaviors that occurred in the hospital or caregivers office. Since billing is an issue with learned helplessness, the delay in presenting the surveys may affect memory recall. The last limitation may be that of the construct being studied itself. Since there is little research on learned helplessness as it relates to patient satisfacti on or patient experience it may be difficult to determine how strong a score on the LHS scale must be to fully realize an effect on patient satisfaction. Conclusion: This paper has outlined the construct of learned helplessness and how it potentially could interact with patient satisfaction scores. Patient satisfaction scores are of the upmost importance to hospitals and caregivers as it affects their quality ratings, their allocation from CMS, and their reputation in general. While this project is a major undertaking, the author feels that it is worthy of such time and effort as patients and caregivers seek to further understand the patient experience in healthcare settings. This paper has outlined a course of action and while this project needs to be further investigated, it lays the necessary framework for a study worthy of journal submission. Future research could fully implicate different ways that learned helplessness is formed in different healthcare settings allowing for richer analysis into how patients react to different perceived outcomes. Hospitals and caregivers should be able to use information from this study to redesign their pati ent satisfaction surveys to allow them to gather richer data and use this to improve satisfaction scores which ultimately affect the bottom line. In this new age of healthcare reform, it is imperative that healthcare organization strive in every effort to raise the bar of patient outcomes, not only physical outcomes but mental outcomes as well.