Writing and Publishing Resources

Composing and Publishing Resources Gathering of Writing and Publishing Resources Here at Reedsy, we’re blessed that we get the chance to work with probably the best ability in the distributing business - and these specialists have imparted their encounters and information to us as meetings and how-to guides. Truth be told, we’ve distributed articles on such a significant number of points that it’s difficult to monitor them all.In this post, we need to share the absolute best Reedsy articles up until this point, arranged such that reflects the distributing venture taken by most writers. Look at Reedsy's gathering of composing and distributing assets! #amwriting To make this data much simpler to process, we've assembled it into our wonderful Book Launch Checklist! You can basically download it for nothing underneath, at that point follow the means to distribution! How Do You Write Your Book?If you have any inquiries or subjects you’d like to see secured on the Reedsy Blog, post them in the remarks underneath.

Oprah Winfrey Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oprah Winfrey Life - Essay Example All the endeavors that she began accomplished an extraordinary proportion of progress. Following 25 years of facilitating the monstrously fruitful show known as The Oprah Winfrey Show (TOWS) Oprah settled on the radical choice to end the show. She likewise demonstrated that she has the aim to fire up her very on TV station to be known as Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN). Taking into account that TOWS which is the thing that a great many people relate to Oprah will never again be created, the inquiry becomes whether Oprah’s arrange OWN can make a similar progress that TOWS accomplished or Oprah is overstretching her capacity and brand power (http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-Official-Biography ) . TOWS was communicated over the multi year time frame and it developed to be one of the most stared at the TV programs. The show had an expected viewership of 42 million week after week watchers in the US. It was likewise communicated in around 145 unique nations. The prevalence of the show was credited to the confession booth approach that the show had. It gave a discussion to individuals to share their story and was utilized as a stage to enable individuals to live better and more beneficial lives. The book club that Oprah shaped as a fragment of TOWS served to urge individuals to receive an understanding society. The majority of the books chose for this job accomplished the smash hit status. Different brands that were embraced by Oprah additionally turned out to be hugely fruitful. The achievement of the Oprah brand was likewise stretched out to the online form or site for TOWS, which is Oprah.com, and to the O magazine. Oprah’s media adventures likewise included satellite radio when through an arrangement with XM satellite radio she began the station Oprah and companions, and later renamed the station Oprah radio. Beside her commitment to the media, Oprah is additionally an altruist. She has consistently added to causes that are planned for maki ng training available for the impeded in various networks. Her commitment to training additionally incorporates beginning The Oprah Winfrey Academy for Girls, which is planned for enabling youthful impeded young ladies in South Africa. The institute tries to engage them to accomplish their fantasies and desire and furthermore create ladies in South Africa for initiative positions (http://www.oprah.com/pressroom/Oprah-Winfreys-Official-Biography). The various brands that Oprah figured out how to make and develop to a triumph are frequently connected with her character and her face. This makes it simpler for individuals to relate to the brand and has prompted what is considered ‘the Oprah effect’. Her character has been perceived dependent on her capacity to speak the truth about various issues that have influenced her just as those that influence individuals everywhere throughout the world. She is subsequently considered as one of the most remarkable sentiment pioneers a nd shapers on the planet. Superstar marking has been ineffective in a few cases. There is hence the worry that the new pursuit (OWN) by Oprah may bomb following an abuse or overexposure of Oprah as a brand. Big name marking has turned out badly, for example, on account of Martha Stewart who was at one time an amazing brand in a few occasions. Following validity gives that were realized by her capture and imprisoning, the brand Martha Stewart became one that no one needed to have any sort of relationship with. In spite of numerous endeavors to restore the brand, individuals kept on staying away from it and anything that was idea to have any type of

Congratulations, Class of 2024!

Congratulations, Class of 2024! I doubt I’ll be the first to say it, and I certainly won’t be the last: Congratulations! You’ve worked so hard for this, and it’s safe to say that you deserve it. The next four years of your life, whether you choose to spend them at Illinois or not, are sure to be some of the most exciting. There will be a lot of changesâ€"both good and bad. You’re going to get a lot of cliche advice over the next couple of months (which you should listen to, because it is true), but I’ll spare you the repetition. Instead, here are four things to look forward to if you choose to spend your next four years at Illinois. 1. Freshman Year: The Classroom I was overwhelmed by the sheer amount of classes I had to choose from my first year. Because I got to take a mix of general education courses and major courses, I could choose nearly anything from the 7,000+ classes Illinois offers. I went all in for things I was incredibly interested in: neurolinguistics, media, political philosophy, sign language, and more! I learned so much that semester, one of those things being: your interests will change over time. Guess what? That’s okay. At Illinois, there’s usually (aka, don’t quote me on this) a lot of flexibility within your first year to change your major. I ended up changing my major FIVE times. Want to take classes you’re interested in? Check. Want to be at a great school no matter what your major is? Double check. My very first day at Illinois! Cheesy pic creds to my mom ?? 2. Sophomore Year: The Friends I met so many amazing people freshman year, but my group of friends really solidified my sophomore year. I decided to live off-campus in an apartment with a couple of girls I barely knew who ended up becoming some of my best friends by the end of the year. With over 1,800 student groups on campus, I threw myself into the ones I found most interesting and met some amazing people. I also got a job on campus as a student tour guide, and met a bunch of great people there! Getting to know so many people scaled down the size of the university and made it so every day I would see someone I knew walking across the Quad. This is a pic from an event my friend Claire and I helped run! We met through a Greek organization on campus. 3. Junior Year: The Experiences The summer before my junior year I had the opportunity to spend a month in Vienna, Austria studying governance of the European Union. I travelled with 16 other Illinois students and an Illinois professor. This experience gave me a huge opportunity to practice independence and explore other cultures while still continuing my education. I met the most amazing people (hint: you make new friends every few months in college!) and learned so much about myself (and the efficacy of disability policy in the European Union, but I digress). While you’re in college, so many doors will open with so many different opportunities. Walk through as many as you can, because they won’t be open for long. The best group of study abroad buds I couldve ever asked for! 4. Senior Year: Just About Everything Else My last semester has been filled with the best and worst parts of college. A few all-nighters, a couple great assignments, and an acceptance letter to the graduate program of my dreams (hint: it’s Illinois!). I’ve had an awesome internship that has made me a better writer, worker, and person, and I’ve formed relationships that will last long after I graduate. I’ve been able to find balance between classes, work, and extracurriculars, and I’ve learned how to take time for myself. College wasn’t always what I was expecting it to be, but I’ve learned that it’s okay. Most of the time, things turn out to be better than whatever you were expecting anyway. Adventuring with my amazing coworkers! While I still have a year and a half left (yay, grad school!), I am immensely proud of what I’ve accomplished during my time at Illinois. I know youll be proud of the time you spend here too.Welcome to our family. Alex Class of 2020 After switching majors four times, I've finally fallen in love with what I'm studying: communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I hope hearing about my experiences can put all your worries at ease, because college really isn't as scary as you might think!

Prostitution Is The World Oldest Profession - 1577 Words

Prostitution is the world’s oldest profession, and a major motive for becoming a prostitute tends to be economic. (Rathus, Nevid, Fichner-Rathus, Herold Mckay, 2013) The sex industry tends to divide feminists and society, on whether prostitution is an coercion and commodification of women, or a women’s right and choice to sell her body. (Shannon, 2010) Prostitution, which is consensual sex between two adults for money or goods of value is legal in Canada although, most of the activities that surround the act of prostitution such as, pimping, operating a brothel, trafficking persons, public solicitation, and the commercial sexual exploitation of children are prohibited. (Barnett Nicol, 2011) There are opposing attitudes towards the legalization of prostitution and whether Canada’s law should remain as it is, or should be modified. Regarding prostitution, there is an alarming prevalence of gender based violence against sex workers. According to the study, Shannon et al. (2009) examined the prevalence of violence against female sex workers in an environment of criminalized prostitution. Of the 237 female sex workers who participated in the study, the study found that 57% experienced gender based violence over an 18-month follow-up period, with 38% reporting physical violence, 25% rape, and 30% experienced client perpetrated violence. (Shannon et al., 2009) The high prevalence of physical violence and rape indicate the need to increase support for female sex workers,Show MoreRelatedProstitution Is The World Oldest Profession1947 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Prostitution is the world’s oldest profession† is one of the most commonly used quotes when debating whether or not prostitution should be legal. Prostitution is not the oldest profession, but one of the oldest forms of violence towards women. It seems old because of its history which includes the sexual exploitation of women and children and the projected idea that men need sex whether by force or purchase. Prostitution isn’t natural or inescapable, but it is abuse and a form of exploitationRead MoreProstitution Is The World Oldest Profession1657 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is â€Å"the exchange of sexual acts for money, food, rent, drugs, or other material goods.† (WomensLaw). One who works in this field is then to be labeled a prostitute. Although the field of prostitution is the world’s oldest profession, it is a topic that is typically hushed down and not often studied. It is a part of our society and must be discussed for a bette r understanding. Going on to say, the physical and psychological behavior that is associated within prostitution is derived fromRead MoreProstitution : The World s Oldest Profession3535 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"Writing is like Prostitution. First you do it for love, and then for a few close friends, and then for money.† People for the legalization of prostitution believe prostitution can create positive outcomes for numerous people. However, other people believe legalizing it will hurt more people than it would help. Therefore, many people believe legalizing prostitution will create numerous benefits, however, others believe legalizing prostitution will produce negative outcomes. Prostitution has been aroundRead MoreProstitution Is Considered The World Oldest Profession1170 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution is regarded as the world’s oldest profession; however, every state, except Nevada, currently prohibits it. According to Dr. Shumsky, â€Å"in the nineteenth-century police departments...confined prostitution to certain locations† to segregate prostitutes from other citizens (Shumsky 668). Many people see prostitution as a fountainhead of vice, and numerous religious leaders have argued that it leads to other crimes such as adultery. One common misconception about prostitution is that mostRead MoreProstitution : The World s Oldest Profession895 Words   |  4 PagesProstitution, sometimes referred to as â€Å"the world’s oldest profession† (Henslin, pg. 54), is defined by James M. Henslin as â€Å"the renting of one’s body for sexual purposes† (pg. 54). This arrangement, though illegal and socially deviant in mo st parts of the world, exists universally in many different forms (pg. 54). As a matter of fact, types of prostitutes range greatly in variety from call girls – who are said to be â€Å"the elite of prostitutes† (pg. 58), to streetwalkers – â€Å"who have the lowest statusRead MoreProstitution Is The World s Oldest Profession Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Prostitution is said to be the world’s oldest profession. It is, indeed, a model of all professional work; the worker relinquishes control over himself†¦ in exchange for money. Because of this passivity it entails, this is a difficult and, for many, a distasteful role.† (Szasz) Prostitution is accompanied with criminalization and the stigma of impurity and danger. â€Å"The National Task Force on Prostitution suggests that over one million people in the US have worked as prostitutes (3).† (Toth) ThroughRead MoreThe World s Oldest Profession For Nothing1613 Words   |  7 Pa gesâ€Å"Prostitution isn t inherently immoral, any more than running a company like Enron is inherently immoral. It s how you do it that counts. And the reality is that it will happen anyway. It s not called the world s oldest profession for nothing. Why not make it, at the least, safe and productive?† -JEANNETTE ANGELL of A Wellness Perspective on Prostitution, Freedom, Religion, and More, Seek Wellness, Apr. 30, 2005. Prostitution, known as the world s oldest profession, and it exists everywhereRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Beneficial For Our Nation?1176 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution is one of the oldest occupations of all time. Brothels have always been around since ancient times. So this deviant act is nothing new in the world we live in today. Prostitution shouldn’t be deemed deviant. Prostitution is often said to be the oldest profession, and there is a lot of evidence that this is true. The earliest texts we have reference prostitutes, either sacred ones working for a temple or common street prostitutes. Throughout the Bible, prostitutes played greater or lesserRead MoreAdvantages of Legalizing Prostitution1749 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is known as the oldest profession and has been around for millenniums, dating back to Roman, Byzantine, Greek and Egyptian empires (Baldwin, 2004). The ancient cultures of those empires dealt with the needs of the group and consequently developed protocols for dealing with sexual relations that have propagated throughout time to the modern era. As a result, prostitution is prominent in society today. When analyzing the sex trade, the factors of cultural precedence, philosophy, religionRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Prostitution1098 Words   |  5 Pages from a state to the other, prostitution is an integral part of soci ety. Prostitution is often referred as the world oldest profession (Forrest). For thousands and thousands years, humans have been exchanging money or material goods for sex. Throughout mankind History, set of laws has been put in place with the purpose of controlling and regulating its practice. But, it has never appeared to prevail over its illegal operations. According to the dictionary prostitution is by definition the practice

An Integrated Conflict Management System - 1151 Words

Like most company today Bank of America has become very conflict competent by implying an integrated conflict management system. They have integrated a Code of Conduct in their workplace and have organizations within their company to specifically deal with conflict resolution. Throughout history most major companies, like Bank of America, have changed their views on how they treated their employees to create an efficient work group. Major companies began to realize that conflict is normal and happens naturally and found the urgency to deal with it instead of ignoring situations. With the change of time companies begun to realize that it is cost efficient and extremely productive to rely on a resolution system. In the last two to three decades, many, if not most, organizations in the United States have undergone a transformation in corporate goals, employee rights, and the way in which work is organized. Managers never thought of conflict strategically. It was considered dysfunctional and they had tried their best to avoid and ignore resolutions. If, despite their best efforts, they were forced to deal with conflicts with their employees, the remedy was to punish those responsible. The historic unionism in the 1930s resulted in the transformation of the workplace. The increasingly competitive business environment, the restructuring of the American economy, and the technological change strengthened individual rights in the workplace. The importance of hierarchyShow MoreRelatedForeign Related Literatures1598 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness management software for the beauty industry. Thousands of businesses have joined the GramercyOne family to provide online booking to their customers, manage day-to-day operations and drive new business. SalonBooker is completely  web-based, which makes it available from any computer with a browser and internet connection, anywhere at any time, even via an  smart phone or iPad. With SalonBooker you will be able to manage your business efficiently by integrating multiple systems in to oneRead MoreSources Of Power And Functional Identity, Conflict, Self Interest, And Integration Within An Organization1184 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Evaluating the Organizations as Political Systems, Morgan (2006) looks at the various sources of power in organizations, his textbook lists several essential sources of power. This independent research discussion will examine the management of gender relations, and the power one already has. Particularly in the Political Systems metaphor, this review will evaluate how the two sources of power can contribute to functional identity, conflict, self-interest, and integration within an organizationRead MoreWYNDHAM INTERNATIONAL: FOSTERING HIGH-TOUCH WITH HIGH-TECH1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe organization restructuring and changes in management introduced several guest loyalty programs, ByRequest in particular, to allow Wyndham International to reestablish its brand. This paper discusses the strategies followed by Wyndham International and identifies role of Information Resources (IR) in implementing the ByRequest program. In the final analysis, the paper identifies issues with customer signup and integration the various IR systems for the ByRequest program, limiting Wyndham inRead MorePower Imbalances Can Impede An Individual s Attempt For Manage Work Related Conflict1693 Words   |  7 Pagesimbalances can impede an individual’s attempt to manage work-related conflict in many ways. It is noteworthy that imbalance in power arises from the differences that exist between the employers and employees. Therefore, power could be destructive as a result of its disparity. In any organization, the title of any individual reveals the power that person holds in the company. However, any individual who seeks to resolve conflicts at work-place will have to be influential just like his/her positionRead MoreSupply Chains And The Value Delivery Network. The Supply1309 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities with the goal of creating customer value. As defined in Chapter 2, a value delivery network is made up of the company, suppliers, distributors, and ultimately customers who â€Å"partner† with each other to improve the performance of the entire system. The Nature and Importance of Marketing Channels Producers try to forge a marketing channel (or distribution channel)—a set of interdependent organizations that help make a product or service available for use or consumption by the consumer or businessRead MoreU.s. Corporate Governance System1325 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernance system is maximization of shareholders value, thus executive compensation in U.S. are based on nature of the job performed and is linked to performance incentives such as bonuses or stock ownership. On the other hand, Japan and France corporate governance system objective lies on the mutual benefits of stakeholders, therefore their compensation is dependent on the achievements of the corporate overall objectives. Although all three countries uses different governance system, all utilizeRead MoreThe Ancient Water Customs Valued Water790 Words   |  4 Pageswater in different ways depend on the ideology and context factors within a community. The ancient water customs valued water as a high resource s, although it is a free resource available from nature, people had demonstrated a high management of the water supply system (Dissanayake Smakhtin 2007). As the indigenous â€Å"Dayak Meratus† believe that the forest is the breath of life and a source of water that fosters their awareness to preserve and maintain the forests properly. By having a sensible viewRead MoreWhat Is Good For The Employee Is Good?1369 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States abides to. Human Resource Management, i.e., the unitarist approach in employee relations is referred as a rather integrated and harmonised system because the dimensional of employee relations focuses on the more integrated and strategic frameworks which focus on shared workplace interests and employee commitment. This approach is a popular one because â€Å"the unitarist perspective is one of the key employee frameworks in human resource management. In the unitarist framework, there is aRead MoreThe Problems And Challenges Of Performance Management1607 Words   |  7 PagesProblems and Challenges of performance management Performance management mostly is not successful as expected in the public sector. According to Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (2005) a thematic inspection of performance management noted that though performance management was â€Å"substantially developed†, a long way is still needed to go before everyone was responsible for providing a good service and â€Å"many areas of performance management in the early stages of implementationRead MoreStrategic Direction For Joint Operations1477 Words   |  6 Pagescapabilities, it must be agile, adaptable, survivable and integrated. This essay discusses the key strategic direction for JF-2025, the capabilities required of the Joint Force, each member services and the inherent associated risks. The Capstone Concept for Joint Operations (CCJO) describes the future in which JF-2025 will operate, identifying trends that will complicate the security environment. The proliferation of advanced weapons systems and technology, including weapons of mass destruction

Against Euthanasia Free Essays

1. 20. 13 I AM AGAINST EUTHANASIA voluntary: when a person is asked to be killed because the pain could not be handled any longer non-voluntary: when a person is killed by the decision of another person because the patient is incapable to do it himself/ herself. We will write a custom essay sample on Against Euthanasia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Euthanasia  is: 1. â€Å"A quiet, painless death. †Ã‚  or 2. â€Å"The intentional putting to death of a person with an incurable or painful disease intended as an act of mercy. † BIBLICAL POINTS: -Euthanasia is considered MURDER One of the Ten Commandments is â€Å"Thou shall not kill† and life is a gift from God that should not be destroyed – God has given us life to live, and SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN AWAY on purpose – God is in everyone and every living thing. If you harm a living thing, YOU ARE HARMING GOD. – Paul stated (1 Corinthians 6:19) that our bodies are temples of our Lord. In VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA, we should not destroy ourselves because our life contains God’s Holy Spirit – WHEN JOB WAS GOING THROUGH SUFFERING, he still refused to TAKE HIS OWN LIFE. He argues that we must accept the suffering as we accept happiness and joy. SUFFERING IS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR SPIRITUAL GROWTH. – No man dies unless God allows it (Job 2:6) Therefore, according to the Bible, a person SHOULD NOT be killed because of a certain condition they have. Although they WILL DIE, euthanasia should not take place. IT IS MURDER. Yes, God has planned that they will be terminally ill, and he knows when they will die. But only HE has the right to take their life, not doctors. OTHER POINTS: -the power to play with people’s lives should not be handed out under a legal and /or medical disguise. – it promotes abuse and gives doctors the right to urder. – doctors are people who we trust and cure us, but euthanasia gives them the opportunity to PLAY GOD -It’s not only Christians who are against euthanasia, but other religions too. (Musilim, Jews, Hindu, Buddhist) -UNBEARBLE PAIN- pain cannot be all eliminated, but killing is not the answer! The solution is to command better education of health care professionals, expand health care, and inform patients about their rights to be alive. – Euthanasia is not about the right to die. It’s about the right to kill. OTHER RELIGIONS AGAINST EUTHANASIA: Roman Catholic Church: direct euthanasia consists in putting an end to the lives of handicapped sick or dying persons. IT IS MORALLY UNACCEPTABLE. Muslim: -All life is a gift Allah, so it is sacred and Muslim have a duty to respect it and submut to his will -Only ALLAH can choose when a life will end -The reason for any suffering will be known to Allah, there must be a reason for pain Jews: – Anything which shortens life is forbidden, only God could decided when a person’s life should end Hindu: -Euthanasia goes against the belief of Ahimsa (non-violence) Buddhist: -voluntary euthanasia is wrong, it shows that the person’s mind is in a bad state. How to cite Against Euthanasia, Essay examples

The Nursing Shortage free essay sample

Crisis in America Back in the late 1930’s, American men were drafted to go off and fight in World War II while women at home had to learn a new way of life to support their families and support the soldiers. A woman named Florence Nightingale who was recognized as one of the first nurses to care for the wounded soldiers during the Crimean war helped to influence other women to learn how to become nurses and care for the sick and wounded. After the war ended in the mid 1940’s, thousands of soldiers returned home to begin the next chapter in their lives by starting a family while women returned to homemaking. In fact, due to the major population shift after the war, thousands and thousands of babies were born in which it would be named the Baby-Boomer generation. Now fast forward to the year 2010, several decades later, the baby-boomer generation is aging and approaching there sixties and beyond at a time when healthcare is beginning to be used more frequently by many others. Now that America is beginning a new era of healthcare with the creation of healthcare reform that soon will create access for the uninsured and underinsured to gain access to healthcare treatments. On March 23, 2010, â€Å"The Affordable Care Act† was signed into law by President Obama that would create healthcare access for millions of Americans. This is turn would create a huge strain on the American healthcare system at a time when concerns are rising due to the increased need of services for the baby-boomer generation and the current nursing population to care for them. If Americans already planned on facing a nursing shortage with the baby-boomer generation, then how would the shortage affect everyone else when healthcare reform becomes active in the year two-thousand-fourteen? This paper will discuss some individual points more in detail and evaluate the nursing shortage situation from the beginning of nursing history to present day that could affect all healthcare workers now and in the future. The nursing shortage topic in America has always been a debatable question where it will be analyzed further in detail starting with some statistical data. Looking at the national level for current nursing employment, the U. S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics stated that, â€Å"2,655,020 registered nurses were currently employed as of May two-thousand and ten† (U. S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics: Occupation section). The information presented here did not account for self-employed nurses or one’s that currently work multiple jobs. Now on a smaller scale looking at the State of Colorado’s population and registered â€Å"nurses per 1000 rate is 7. 98 as compared with a national average of 8. 6 with an additional need of 1,780 nurses to meet the national average† (The Demographic Challenges Facing Colorados Health Care Workforce 15). The information noted here did not account for rural areas and small towns where the population is considerably lower. Next, the discussion will continue on about nursing school factors affecting the nursing shortage. Additionally when someone is attracted by the potential for a nu rsing career and advancement, they must look at all avenues first before deciding and making a commitment to nursing school. However, when someone has made the decision to enroll they must take several prerequisite classes and take a nursing entrance exam before being accepted into a nursing program. Furthermore, after students have taken the required prerequisites, they may not easily be accepted into a nursing program because of limited number of slots available and teaching constraints. In fact, it has been well observed by many schools that the major factor in the nursing shortage is due to the lack of qualified nursing instructors. In the United States, â€Å"nursing schools turned away 67,583 qualified applicants from baccalaureate and graduate programs in 2010 due to insufficient number of faculty, clinical sites, classroom space, clinical preceptors and budget constraints† (2010-2011 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing 2). Another factor that contributes to the nursing shortage is that nursing faculty members and educators are being lured away from colleges by higher compensation, which in turn reduces the number of potential educators to meet the demands needed. Consequently, most educators are generally older with a limited number of years of teaching left before retirement which in turn could also leave more potential nurses waiting on a list that could reduce the national shortage. Furthermore, the United States started facing some major healthcare challenges with the baby-boomer generation beginning to impact the healthcare system in two-thousand ten. Now that this generation is in their sixties many of them will be facing increased health problems due to aging thus putting a greater demand on the healthcare system for treatment and prevention. Consequently, this generation will begin turning sixty-five at a rate of approximately ten thousand baby-boomers per day for the next nineteen years starting in the year two-thousand eleven. This in turn will create a huge stressor to the already problematic nursing shortage. In addition to the baby-boomer generation, America will soon be forced to provide healthcare to millions of individuals who previously did not have insurance starting in two-thousand fourteen when the Affordable Care Act goes into full force. Furthermore, â€Å"healthcare reform will soon provide subsidies for thirty-two million citizens to more fully utilize the healthcare system† (Joint Statement from the Tri-Council for Nursing on Recent Registered Nurse Supply and Demand Projections 2). This in turn will create a huge stress on the medical profession especially the nursing sector, as the healthcare system is grappling in the shortage of nurses to care for the baby-boomers. Emergency rooms and physicians’ offices will soon be faced with a massive influx of patients to provide care for, which would cause an increased demand for more medical staff including nurses and physicians. Patients then would be going to local hospitals for elective surgeries and diagnostic testing which would cause a surge and a need for more hospital beds to accommodate the needs of patients. When the demand exceeds the amount of resources available people could be facing other challenges such as emergencies or disasters of magnitude. With the introduction of the healthcare reform and the baby-boomer generation, the healthcare system could also be facing emergency preparedness scenarios that have not been attempted before with the combination of emergency disaster plans currently available. Some may remember the hundreds killed and injured from the two-thousand eleven tornado outbreak or the terrorist attacks on the twin towers that caused mass casualties and injured numerous people on September 11, 2001. This is just to name a few disasters that America was impacted by with the need for emergent healthcare services. Additionally in the United States, â€Å"there is little flexibility for unanticipated fluctuations in patient acuity and demand on a daily basis, and an absence of standby capacity for large-scale emergencies† (McHugh 442). Consequently, if the United States doesn’t come up with a large scale disaster plan that has been attempted before, then many will be faced with total destruction and demise. Nurses have gone through the grueling process to begin and succeed in their careers from the dedication of going to school to meet entry level standards, as well as taking the national licensure examination prior to practicing. Some nurses graduate with the expectation that the wages and demands of the job will be satisfying to keep them in their current role. But some people may know very little about the profession until they are faced with the reality of the job demands versus the salary. A new graduate nurse just beginning his/her career maybe making less than the more experienced nurses, but still held to the standard of providing the same type of care to all patients. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, the national median wage for registered nurses as of May two-thousand ten was â€Å"$67,720 annually† (U. S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wages). However this statistic did not report the level of education held other than the title of registered nurse. Furthermore, nurses are held to a high standard to uphold to their duties and continue to give accurate, compassionate and safe care to all patients. Nevertheless, nurses play many roles other than a care-taker or pill pusher, they are expected to know about possible medication interactions that could harm a patient since they are the last line of protection for patient. Nurses have also been trained to think critically in times of crisis and to intervene with life-saving interventions without the supervision of a physician. Many of the â€Å"hazards on the job, include blood and body fluid exposure as well as musculoskeletal injuries related to ergonomic hazard from lifting and repetitive tasks† (Stone et al. 1984). During times of busy patient demands, nurses may also run the risk of harm to themselves, especially during the administration of an injection that could cause a needle puncture that may potentially be from an infected needle, or come in contact with the splashing of body fluids on exposed skin. However, many hospitals have currently up-graded equipment to help prevent unwanted needle stick exposures through the use of needle free systems, but there is still work to be done to keep nurses and patients safe. Furthermore, nurses may also be exposed to occupational injuries while lifting a patient in bed, or when a patient falls on a staff member and injures them in the same turn as well. Obviously some hospitals have improved the safety for staff, and patients with the use of lifts or ssistive devices, but time maybe of essence. With this in mind, the physical and mental demands of the nursing profession may take a toll on a person’s body, or it may potentially provoke thoughts of a career change from the risks involved. However, since nurses are also held accountable for mistakes made even when times are proven difficult, in hind sight turn this could potentially create a stressful environment full of expectations without satisfaction. Furthermore, â€Å"nurses’ working conditions have been associated with medication errors and falls, increased deaths, and spread of infection, but nurses report making more errors when working shifts greater than twelve hours, working overtime, or working more than forty hours per week† (Stone et al. 1984). In some hospitals nurses are given an assigned number of patients to care for, but patients are coming into the hospitals’ sicker than in previous years which can create a dilemma when assigning patient care. Some hospitals’ have been designated as a Magnet hospital where the maximum ratio is one nurse to five patients which could help ease some demands to be able to provide better care to patients, but this trend is still new to some healthcare systems. On a typical working shift nurses are responsible for medication administration, physical assessments and general care of the patient, but during times of staffing shortage nurses may have to provide all the care for all assigned patients. Generally speaking, nurses care for four to eight patients per shift while â€Å"an additional patient within this range was associated with a seven percent increase in the odds of dying within thirty days of admission and a seven percent increase in the odds of death following complications such as shock or pneumonia† (Keenen 1). In addition patients have a greater risk of infection due to lack of adequate infection control from proper hand washing by healthcare staff when staffing shortages occur. When nurses are held accountable for a certain number of patients, and one person falls out of bed down the hall while they were getting another patient up to the bathroom can create an unsafe and unsatisfactory environment for all involved parties that in turn can cause higher morbidity in patients. With a stressful environment and combined fear of making a mistake which would result in punitive action against them, â€Å"the U. S. healthcare system contains a safety climate which blames individuals for errors instead of the system or organizational failures that may really be at fault† (Fox and Abrahamson 235). With that said, more nurses feel pressured to not make any mistakes instead of being human. However, when hospitals’ are dealing with staffing issues and nurses are not able to give proper attention to their patients this in turn could create a dangerous situation for patients that have an increased mortality risk due to complications or co morbidities. Studies have shown that staffing insufficiencies increase the mortality risk in patients due to the inability to adequately care and educate patients on complications such as pneumonia or bloods clots which can be proven fatal. Nurses are also expected to perform many tasks that include life saving techniques in critical situations, but in order to keep these individuals with these skills employed by a specific facility it takes a clever approach to nursing retention. However, â€Å"research shows that nurses contribute heavily to the quality of patient care, reimbursement based upon performance outcomes would likely increase the economic value of nurses, thus improving wages, work environment and recruitment and retention† (Fox and Abrahamson 235). In the past, when hospitals were dealing with nursing shortages some would offer a sign-on bonus or a contract to pay for a portion of education expenses as an incentive to attract employees for difficult to recruit positions such as night shifts. Due to cost constraints some facilities were beginning to do away with sign-on bonuses and offer other assistance after a specific time period of employment. On the contrary, most facilities do not recognize nurses with compensation based on performance other than an increase in cost of living wages, but could benefit further through increased recognition programs. Since World War II the nursing profession had always been a female dominant profession until now, with the addition and encouragement of male nurses in the profession. Most patients saw nursing as a female dominant profession due the delicate nature of caring for sick patients and the need for gentle interactions and nurturing. Furthermore, working conditions were often poorer in nursing with a predominately female occupation. During times of economic recession more nurses were choosing to work, or continue employment to help meet the financial expectations of their households especially in times when other family members are facing a layoff or furlough. Although when the economy improves the shift of nurses actively working may change and create an even bigger nursing shortage while some may change careers or retire all together. Furthermore, with the introduction of men in nursing things have begun to change and more and more men were joining the nursing profession for career stability and advancement opportunities in an already female dominant profession. A man named James Derham â€Å"in 1783 who was a slave earned money to buy his freedom by working as a nurse† making him the first male nurse (Bonair and Philipsen 19). Nursing schools began offering scholarships to male nursing students as a way to attract more people to the nursing profession. With men in a female dominant profession they were making up â€Å"five to ten percent of the workforce in the UK, USA and Canada† while in the nursing profession they were more likely to be promoted into leadership roles (Brown 120). Male nurses generally started a nursing career at a younger age compared to their female counter parts. As working nurses were getting older many of them were planning for retirement at a time when a majority of people were retiring with the baby-boomer generation. More and more people began to choose a nursing career later in life, so consequently most nurses ended up retiring earlier due to the strains of the job or age factors. Consequently, the average age of nursing students graduating was thirty-one, while the average age of the working nurse is forty-six years old. Due to the popularity of nursing for some it is becoming a second career for individuals after many years of employment in other fields such as business, or computer industries that have had many changes and layoffs that contributed to the employment shift. With this new employment shift new nurses that began a nursing career as older adults are not working in the field as long and retiring sooner. Furthermore with the short periods of nursing employment, this again creates problems with fixing the nursing shortage across the country. Now that the factors of the nursing shortage have been described in detail, the next discussion will be about ways to fix the nursing shortage problem in America from the faculty shortage to loan forgiveness programs. If America is going to get out of the nursing shortage crisis the first step is to address the shortage of educators, and nursing faculty that teach and train the future nursing students. In order to create an interest in teaching there needs to be some changes with regards to income levels, and more education assistance to give nurses the ability to increase their knowledge. Some hospitals ffer opportunities to take a leave of absence from their jobs to pursue further education options without the fear of job loss. However, this in turn would not only be an asset to the individual but the facility as well that encouraged their employees to seek more education. Another factor in the nursing shortage is the number of clinical sites needed to give adequate clinical experi ences for nurses to learn in. In hospitals today nursing schools generally have clinical experiences five days a week instead of an additional two days on the weekend to meet more needs of clinical experience time. By offering the additional two days per week, nursing students would meet their clinical expectations ahead of schedule therefore they could graduate earlier and begin nursing practice sooner. This in turn would help to ease the shortage of trained nurses sooner and decrease the waitlist time for entrance into nursing school. In order to attract more nurses to continue advancing their education there needs to be more monetary compensation to pay for the cost of education in order to encourage more nurses to advance into teaching. Furthermore in order for the healthcare system and colleges to meet the recruitment demands and the shortage requirements there needs to be some collaboration between facilities for education and tuition assistance. Consequently to address the aging of the nursing faculty, more people need to be encouraged to continue their education without any lapse of time after graduation. Nevertheless, since most nurses cannot afford to pay for the higher expenses of college and continue to work then only a selected few would advance their education. However, some nurses may choose not to continue their education due to conflicts with work schedules and family, unless there was some loan assistance or forgiveness program widely used. The United States currently has loan forgiveness programs that pay the entire amount of the loan after requirements are met. Furthermore, after a nurse has completed two years of service in a hospital then they can apply for the loan forgiveness program that may take up to six months before a decision is made, and only a limited number of individuals are selected. In addition, if the United States invested in more healthcare facilities and offered more loan assistance and scholarships then people would be more attracted to the nursing profession and possibly reduce the nursing shortage. In conclusion, after discussing the many challenges that the nursing profession faces, it is still considered a highly respected field by many but may not be the choice for everyone. However, until the United States aggressively pursues a solution to the nursing shortage, better wages, and working conditions, then healthcare reform will define the critical needs of nurses that may end up costing more lives than money. In the end, if the nursing shortage continues, it could be catastrophic to American society at a time when healthcare has made so many advances to increase the life expectancy rate. Works Cited 2010-2011 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing. † Fact Sheet-Nursing Shortage (2011). lt;http://www. aacn. nche. edu/Media/Factsheets/NursingShortage. htmgt;. Bonair, Jennifer, and Nayna Philipsen. â€Å"Men in Nursing: Addressing the Nursing Workforce Shortage and Our History. † Maryland Nurse. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. 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